Attributes of Female Reproductive Aging and Their Relation to Primary Open-angle Glaucoma: A Prospective Study

Pasquale, Louis R.; Rosner, Bernard; Hankinson, Susan E.; Kang, Jae H.

doi:10.1097/ijg.0b013e318064c82d

Cited by 77 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This suggests that reproductive hormones, especially estrogen, play an important role in modulating the risk of POAG among women. In fact, studies have shown that early menopause is a risk factor for the development of POAG (Hulsman et al, 2001;Pasquale et al, 2007). Based on these findings, we suggest that the age-dependent effect of the CG haplotype on the risk of POAG may be a result of higher prevalence (76.1%) of women among cases in the age group ≥52 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Association of polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene with the risk of primary open angle glaucoma in a Brazilian population

Silva

Rocha

Lacchini

et al. 2012

Gene

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Association of polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene with the risk of primary open angle glaucoma in a Brazilian population

Silva

Rocha

Lacchini

et al. 2012

Gene

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“…In women, declining estrogen increases vulnerability of the optic nerve to glaucomatous damage. 15,16 A recent study employing a genome-wide association approach identified a possible association between genetic variants in an estrogen-metabolism single nucleotide polymorphism panel and primary open-angle glaucoma. 17 Another investigation showed that postmenopausal hormones containing estrogen appear to lower risk for primary open-angle glaucoma.…”

Section: Glaucoma and Cataractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex/Gender Disparities and Women’s Eye Health

Clayton

Davis

2014

Current Eye Research

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Our eyes are, both literally and figuratively, windows to the world, and ophthalmic approaches offer a tremendous space for conducting research to learn more. Male/female differences in ocular health and disease are prevalent but we know far too little about root causes to design and implement diagnostic, preventive, and treatment strategies to address sex- and gender-based disparities in eye health. Herein, we discuss several ophthalmic diseases and other conditions with ocular manifestations, with a focus upon those that disproportionately affect women. Because the vast majority of biomedical research in this area comes from studies of mixed-gender populations, or of male-predominant populations, there is a pressing need for sex- and/or gender-based research at various points along the basic to clinical biomedical research continuum. Moreover, the multitude of factors that affect eye health call for a balanced look at the influence of biology, culture, and societal contributors. As clinicians, we owe our patients the best care for their needs, and that care must be derived from research that shows what is effective, for whom, and under what conditions.

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“…A prospective study of 66,417 women in the Nurses' Health Study found that among postmenopausal women 65 years or older, entering menopause at age 54 years or older was associated with a reduced risk of POAG compared with entering menopause between ages 50 and 54 (multivariable-adjusted rate ratio = 0.53). 86 Thus, endogenous estrogen may have a protective role against the development of glaucoma.…”

Section: Endogenous Hormones and Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Difference in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Glaucoma

Tehrani

2014

Current Eye Research

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Glaucoma is the principal cause of irreversible blindness in the world, the second leading cause of blindness in the United States, and it results in optic nerve head axonal degeneration and corresponding visual field deficits. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only known modifiable risk factor in glaucoma. Non-modifiable risk factors for glaucoma include age, ethnicity, central corneal thickness, and family history. While our understanding of the role of gender as a risk factor in glaucoma development and progression remains nascent, multiple observations have shown gender differences in the incidence and prevalence of glaucoma. Depending on the type of glaucoma, hormone therapy, oral contraceptive use and menopausal status have also been associated with glaucoma. In addition, pregnancy leads to changes in IOP, while the treatment of glaucoma must be tailored based on the systemic effects of topical therapeutics on the mother and fetus. This review will focus on the epidemiologic, anatomic and endocrinologic differences in male and female glaucoma patients. In addition, this review will discuss treatment modalities that may be more appropriate for one gender than the other, especially with respect to a woman's pregnancy status.

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Attributes of Female Reproductive Aging and Their Relation to Primary Open-angle Glaucoma: A Prospective Study

Abstract: These data suggest a possible role for declining sex hormones in POAG pathogenesis.

Cited by 77 publications

References 49 publications

Association of polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene with the risk of primary open angle glaucoma in a Brazilian population

Association of polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene with the risk of primary open angle glaucoma in a Brazilian population

Sex/Gender Disparities and Women’s Eye Health

Gender Difference in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Glaucoma

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