Atypical depression and double depression predict new-onset cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults

Abstract

Adults with atypical MDD or double depression may be subgroups of the depressed population at particularly high risk of new-onset CVD. Thus, these subgroups may (a) be driving the overall depression-CVD relationship and (b) be in need of earlier and/or more intense CVD primary prevention efforts to reduce their excess CVD burden.

Depression, treatable cardiovascular risk factors and incident cardiac events in the Gazel cohort

“…The aim of this prospective study was to examine whether the association between treatable cardiovascular risk factors, namely hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia and incident cardiac events varied according to the presence of depression in a socioeconomically and geographically heterogeneous French population over a period of 20 years. In line with most previous studies [8,9,20,21,25,30,31,33,[39][40][41][42][43], depression was independently associated with incident cardiac events adjusting for differences in clinical and lifestyle patterns. The present investigation's unique contribution is the study of possible interactions between depression and these risk factors.…”

“…Several large-scale prospective studies found that major depression, or subthreshold depressive symptoms, are independent risk factors of CVD [7,[19][20][21][22][23]. Additionally, a metaanalysis conducted on prospective cohort studies to assess the association between depression and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction in 2014, adjusting for obesity, diabetes, cholesterol, hypertension, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, age and gender, found a relative risk (RR) for both CHD and myocardial infarction of 1.30 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.18-1.40 [24].…”

Association of Depressive Symptoms With Incident Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults

“…A meta-analysis 13 of 24 prospective cohort studies found that depressive symptoms could be associated with a 30% excess risk for coronary heart disease. The association between depression and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) may vary across different depression subtypes 14 and may be bidirectional; for example, depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of CVD, 13 whereas cardiovascular risk factors also are associated with depression or depressive symptoms. 15,16 Therefore, to reduce the risk of CVD, it is important to understand its association with depressive symptoms.…”

Depression, treatable cardiovascular risk factors and incident cardiac events in the Gazel cohort

“…Several large-scale prospective studies found that major depression, or subthreshold depressive symptoms, are independent risk factors of CVD [7,[19][20][21][22][23]. Additionally, a metaanalysis conducted on prospective cohort studies to assess the association between depression and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction in 2014, adjusting for obesity, diabetes, cholesterol, hypertension, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, age and gender, found a relative risk (RR) for both CHD and myocardial infarction of 1.30 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.18-1.40 [24].…”