Atypical <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> infection in wrasse (Labridae) used as cleaner fish of farmed Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i> L., in Scotland

Laidler, L. A.; Treasurer, James W.; Grant, A. N.; Cox, D I

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2761.1999.00148.x

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Apart from our isolation of Vibrio spp. (Samuelsen et al 2000;Jensen et al 2003) and the presence of Aeromonas salmonicida in wrasse (Treasurer and Laidler 1994;Hjeltnes et al 1995;Bricknell et al 1996;Laidler et al 1999;Samuelsen et al 2002;, only parasites have, so far, been recognised as disease factors Karlsbakk et al 1996). No search for viral pathogens in wrasse has, so far, been published.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both typical (Hjeltnes et al 1995) and atypical strains of Aeromonas salmonicida have been isolated from wrasse, the atypical strains having been found to be responsible for high mortality in goldsinny wrasse in salmon cages and in laboratory studies (Treasurer and Laidler 1994;Laidler et al 1999, Samuelsen et al 2002. However, evidence of transfer of a pathogenic agent between salmon and wrasse is scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of corkwing wrasse Symphodus melops, goldsinny wrasse Ctenolabrus rupestis, and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolt, to experimental challenge with Vibrio tapetis and Vibrio splendidus isolated from corkwing wrasse

Bergh

Samuelsen

2006

Aquacult Int

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The virulence of two Vibrio strains, previously isolated from diseased corkwing wrasse Symphodus melops and identified as V. tapetis and V. splendidus, to corkwing and goldsinny wrasse Ctenolabrus rupestris and to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, was studied under laboratory conditions. Both bacteria were shown to be opportunistically pathogenic to corkwing wrasse, causing significantly higher mortality in the challenged groups than in the controls. Bacterial cultivation of kidney samples and re-isolation of V. tapetis and V. splendidus from most mortalities confirmed the two strains as the probable cause of mortality in the challenged groups. The control group also suffered relatively high mortality, but no specific pathogens that were suspected to be the main cause of death were isolated, other than a mixture of Vibrio spp. and, in the case of one individual, atypical Aeromonas salmonicida. Following injection challenge with both bacterial strains, no mortality was recorded in Atlantic salmon. In bath challenge trials with goldsinny wrasse, only slight mortality was observed in the challenged groups and the unchallenged control group. Bacterial examination showed that atypical Aeromonas salmonicida was the probable cause of death in both bath challenged and control groups of goldsinny wrasse, and no indication of infection by any Vibrio sp. was found.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of corkwing wrasse Symphodus melops, goldsinny wrasse Ctenolabrus rupestis, and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolt, to experimental challenge with Vibrio tapetis and Vibrio splendidus isolated from corkwing wrasse

Bergh

Samuelsen

2006

Aquacult Int

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“…Two of the wrasse species most used are the goldsinny Ctenolabrus rupestris and the corkwing Symphodus melops. Both typical (Hjeltnes et al 1995) and atypical strains of Aeromonas salmonicida have been isolated from wrasse, the latter being responsible for occasionally high mortality in goldsinny wrasse (Collins et al 1991, Treasurer & Laidler 1994, Bricknell et al 1996, Laidler et al 1999. No other bacteria, except the recently isolated Vibrio strain LP1 , have to our knowledge been reported in wrasse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characterization of strains of Vibrio splendidus and V. tapetis isolated from corkwing wrasse Symphodus melops suffering vibriosis

Jensen¹,

Samuelsen²,

Andersen³

et al. 2003

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Two vibrio bacteria pathogenic to the corkwing wrasse Symphodus melops were isolated. Vibriosis-inducing strain LP1 was isolated as the dominanting bacterium in kidney samples of dead and moribund wrasse from a population suffering vibriosis and high daily mortality in 1998 on the Norwegian west coast. The other vibriosis-inducing strain, LP2, was isolated from wrasse captured the following year. Re-infection experiments have confirmed that these strains cause vibriosis in corkwing wrasse. Both strains were typical vibrios sharing the traits of fermentative Gram-negative curved rods with motility and a positive oxidase reaction. Detailed biochemical and genetic characterisation revealed a close affiliation to known species of the marine environment. The first isolate, LP1, is a form of the ubiquitous seawater organism Vibrio splendidus, while the second isolate, LP2, is closely related to V. tapetis (previously only known as the brown ring disease agent in clams). Identification of the new wrasse pathogens V. splendidus LP1 and V. tapetis LP2 is facilitated by break points observed in this study.KEY WORDS: Vibrio · Wrasse · Vibriosis · Taxonomy · Phylogeny Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 53: [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] 2003 experienced although held under favourable conditions in the laboratory. As with the first group, bacteriological examinations were carried out with the intention to find a causative agent. Cultivation of kidney samples of moribund and dead fish indicated bacterial aetiology. Isolation yelded 1 dominant strain from both groups. The strain LP1 isolated from the 1998 group was tentatively assigned to the genus Vibrio . The strain dominating the samplings from 1999 was numbered LP2.The purpose of the present study was to characterise strains LP1 and LP2 isolated from dead and moribund corkwing wrasse at the biochemical, serological and genetical level and to identify them to species level. MATERIALS AND METHODSExperimental fish. Corkwing wrasse Symphodus melops were captured by fish trap near Bergen (Norway) in the autumns of 1998 and 1999 by a local fisherman. This method allowed wild wrasse of 45 ± 9 g to be swiftly collected for transport to the Institute of Marine Research where approximately 400 individuals were stocked in flow-through storage tanks (1 m deep × 2.5 m i.d.) held at 13 ± 0.5°C. The storage tanks were provided with artificial seaweed and plastic tubes for shelter. The fish were fed krill to satiation every second day (1998 group) or every day (1999 group). After approximately 4 wk in the tanks, a general loss of appetite was noticed and the fish started to die. From each group, kidney samples from 20 moribund and dead fish were examined for the presence of bacteria by cultivation.Bacterial isolation and cultivation. Before necropsy, the wrasse were disinfected with 70% ethanol. Posterior kidney samples were inoculated directly into nutrient blood agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) supplemented with 5% sheep b...

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“…Atypical Aeromonas strains were also diagnosed in wrasse in Ireland (Collins et al. 1991) and Scotland (Laidler et al. 1999).…”

Section: Bacterial Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these circumstances, preventive measures such as minimizing stress on wrasse during stocking and routine farm operations and vaccination of wild‐caught fish for protection against common bacterial diseases such as vibrio and Aeromonas salmonicida may be desirable. Otherwise, wrasse would have to be retrieved from pens using baited traps and then injected with antibiotic (Laidler et al. 1999).…”

Section: Biosecurity Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases of north European wrasse (Labridae) and possible interactions with cohabited farmed salmon, Salmo salar L.

Treasurer

2012

Journal of Fish Diseases

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There have been several reported studies of wrasse health but none of these has shown transmission of wrasse diseases when stocked with farmed Atlantic salmon. Most of the studies have focussed on bacterial and parasite issues, including treatment of bacterial diseases with antibiotics and vaccination of wrasse. Classical and atypical furunculosis have been reported in wrasse following stress, and wrasse have been susceptible to vibrio infection. Further study is required on the vaccination of wrasse for furunculosis with latent carrier status to maximize survival. There are studies on viral diseases such as infectious pancreatic necrosis, infectious salmon anaemia and pancreas disease and although these did not give any undue concern for salmon health, there is also scope for further study in this area. Resident parasite communities of wrasse are largely host-specific and do not appear to be a threat to salmon. Given that wrasse have not, to date, been a vector of disease in salmon, attention should be placed on maintaining best practice in cohabiting wrasse with salmon. Other issues that should be addressed are good welfare of wrasse in pens and identifying measures of this, the identification of losses of wrasse in pens, being alert to potential emerging diseases through health screening of mortalities and assessing the risks associated with carrying forward wrasse from one salmon production cycle to the next. Issues of exploitation by fishing on wild wrasse stocks and improved biosecurity may be addressed by the increased movement by the industry to the stocking of farmed wrasse.

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Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection in wrasse (Labridae) used as cleaner fish of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Scotland

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Susceptibility of corkwing wrasse Symphodus melops, goldsinny wrasse Ctenolabrus rupestis, and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolt, to experimental challenge with Vibrio tapetis and Vibrio splendidus isolated from corkwing wrasse

Susceptibility of corkwing wrasse Symphodus melops, goldsinny wrasse Ctenolabrus rupestis, and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolt, to experimental challenge with Vibrio tapetis and Vibrio splendidus isolated from corkwing wrasse

Characterization of strains of Vibrio splendidus and V. tapetis isolated from corkwing wrasse Symphodus melops suffering vibriosis

Diseases of north European wrasse (Labridae) and possible interactions with cohabited farmed salmon, Salmo salar L.

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