Atypical, non‐secretory presentation of multiple myeloma in a dog

Elliott, James

doi:10.1136/vetreccr-2014-000110

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…12 NSM is comparatively rare, comprising 1%-5% of all cases of MM in people 3,13 and is only rarely described in dogs. [14][15][16][17] As the name suggests, NSM is characterized by the absence of a secretory product. 18 The diagnosis of NSM is more challenging than MM, and several criteria have been suggested for use in human medicine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous case of suspected NSM in a dog with normoglobulinemia had a negative UPE and serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), however, immunofixation was not performed, and thus, the absence of an M-protein was not confirmed. 17 In people, a quantitative serum FLC assay has been found to have greater sensitivity than immunofixation in detecting clonal FLCs, 23 and this might be a promising area for investigation in dogs.…”

Section: Comments On This Casementioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypoglobulinemia in a dog with disseminated plasma cell neoplasia: Case report and review of the diagnostic criteria

Brown

Russell

Moore

et al. 2021

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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This is the first reported case of hypoglobulinemia in a dog with disseminated plasma cell neoplasia. A 6-year-old male intact Rottweiler was referred to the U-Vet Animal Hospital (Werribee, Vic, Australia) for weight loss, hyporexia, lethargy, vomiting, and soft stools. Examination of a buffy coat preparation and splenic and liver aspirates revealed a monomorphic population of plasmacytoid cells, and the same cells comprised approximately 90% of bone marrow samples submitted for cytologic and histologic evaluation. Biochemistry revealed a hypoglobulinemia, and the presence of an M-protein was not supported by serum and urine protein electrophoresis or serum immunofixation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated strong nuclear labeling for MUM-1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comments On This Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoglobulinemia in a dog with disseminated plasma cell neoplasia: Case report and review of the diagnostic criteria

Brown

Russell

Moore

et al. 2021

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…Dos relatos encontrados na literatura, em um deles também houve claudicação em membro torácico direito com dor em úmero à palpação em um cão sem raça definida [2]. Em outro, foi observado claudicação em membro torácico esquerdo em uma cadela West Highland White Terrier [1]. E um terceiro relato, havia letargia durante seis semanas em um Border Collie [7], semelhante ao presente caso.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Entretanto, a falta da realização de eletroforese neste cão não permitiu afirmar a presença de gamopatia monoclonal como citado em outro relato [2]. Alguns autores relataram a ausência de hiperglobulinemia, caracterizando a neoplasia como não secretória [1,7] que é considerada ainda mais rara [4]. A presença de hipercalcemia sérica também foi observada em outro relato [7].…”

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Multiple Myeloma in a Dog

Abreu

Nogueira

Oliveira

et al. 2016

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: The multiple myeloma is a neoplasia characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells (plasmacytes) in the bone marrow and in other tissues. The infiltration of the neoplasia cells associated to the high level of anomalous immunoglobulin production (M protein) results in a variety of clinic-pathologic anomalies. It is a rare disease in dogs, corresponding to 0.3% of all malignant neoplasia and 2% of the hematopoietic, with few literature descriptions. So, the present paper aims at properly report a multiple myeloma in a dog of non-defined breed, emphasizing the clinic, laboratorial, radiographic and pathologic aspects.Case: In a Veterinary Teaching Hospital, an 11-year-old dog of non-defined breed was admitted, weighing 10.8 kg of body mass. The clinic history was claudication of the right thoracic member, hyporexia and lethargy in the past 20 days. The main abnormalities in the physical examination were holosystolic cardiac murmur III/VI on mitral focus, and high sensibility to touch in the right humerus. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia, serum hypercalcemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria. Radiographic examination confirmed polyostotic punctate osteolysis on the right humerus; pelvic, femurs and vertebrae bones from L2 to L7, on generalized condition. Cytology by aspiration puncture from the left femur marrow bone did not confirm neoplasia cells. The clinic condition of the referred animal was progressively getting worse and euthanasia was performed. At the dog’s necropsy it was spotted tumor infiltrations on the femur, the humerus and the vertebrae canal. Histopathological exam of the bone marrow revealed diffuse occupation by distinguished plasmacytes, in some áreas reaching around 100% of cell population. Metastases on the primary tumor were found on the liver, kidney and spleen.Discussion: The diagnosis of multiple myeloma in this dog was confirmed by bone marrow histopathological exam. It is confirmed when there is more than 20% of plasmacytes in the examined structure. In this report, certain areas were spotted with 100% occupation of neoplasia cells. On the other hand, the first cytological assess did not reveal any abnormalities, suggesting that the place which received the puncture (aspiration) was not infiltrated by tumor cells. It is described that in the bone marrow may occur grouping of plasmacytes, as it was observed the animal’s necropsy of this report. This aspect point out that the diagnosis cannot be discarded only with a negative cytological exam from the bone marrow; especially if there are clinic, laboratorial and radiographic signs compatible to the illness. The spotted clinic signs by this patient are frequent in dogs with multiple myeloma, as well as the laboratory results, except to the monoclonal gammopathy. Due to a no realization of electrophoresis, this abnormality cannot be confirmed. At the initial assessment of the disease, the radiographic exam is considered golden standard as it was observed in this dog. The radiographic abnormalities were determinant, once they conducted the diagnosis towards the suspected neoplasia. According to current diagnosis criteria, on this present case, the pancytopenia, serum hypercalcemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria also helped towards the suspicion of multiple myeloma. However, the evaluation of the bone marrow was decisive to the final diagnosis; and a special attention was given to puncture more than one place in the bone marrow, which improved/enhanced the diagnosis possibility in this patient.Keywords: plasma cells, bone marrow, pancytopenia, osteolysis, radiography.

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Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the oral cavity metastasising to both kidneys in a dog

Kim

Park³

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background: Most extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) aresolitary and located in the head and neck region. They may also occur in the visceral parts of the body.Objectives: Here, we report a case of oral EMP followed by neoplastic plasma cell metastasis to both kidneys in a neutered male Pomeranian. Methods: Oral plasmacytoma recurred 11 months aftersurgical removal of an oral mass and partial maxillectomy was performed. Eighteen months after partial maxillectomy, neoplastic masses were detected in both kidneys on computed tomography.The dog died 12 months after detection of bilateral kidney neoplasms. The resected neoplastic masses were routinely processed for histopathological observation and immunohistochemistry against pan-cytokeratin, desmin, CD3, and MUM-1. Results:The recurred mass mainly consisted of well-differentiated plasma cells and contained a small portion of aggressive cells with malignant features. Monoclonal gammopathy was not observed on serumelectrophoresis performed to exclude multiple myeloma. The mass was composed of plasma cells with high nuclear pleomorphism and abundant mitotic figures. The neoplasm stained positive for MUM-1 with a more aggressive morphology than in oral EMP. Conclusion:Based on serum biomarker and pathological observations, a diagnosis of recurrence and metastasis of oral-to-renal EMP was established. To the best of our knowledge, metastasis of oral EMP into the bilateral kidneys, as described in the current case, has not been previously reported in dogs.

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Atypical, non‐secretory presentation of multiple myeloma in a dog

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Hypoglobulinemia in a dog with disseminated plasma cell neoplasia: Case report and review of the diagnostic criteria

Hypoglobulinemia in a dog with disseminated plasma cell neoplasia: Case report and review of the diagnostic criteria

Multiple Myeloma in a Dog

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the oral cavity metastasising to both kidneys in a dog

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