Atypical Presentations of Pregnancy-Specific Generalized Anxiety Disorders in Women Without a Previous Psychiatric Background

Bar-Shai, Marina; Gott, Diana; Kreinin, Isabella; Marmor, Sarah

doi:10.1016/j.psym.2013.12.017

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As for pretest and posttest on blood cortisol Table 4. Many factors that cause anxiety during pregnancy especially on adolescent primiparous mothers like psychologic, not ready to be a mother, biologically immature reproductive organs (Bar-Shai, 2015;Astria, 2008). Anxiety during pregnancy has a negative impact on the mother and baby in the womb and the baby after birth, such as LBW, prolonged childbirth, premature childbirth, postpartum depression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Freedom Techniques for Reducing Anxiety and Cortisol Level in Pregnant Adolescent Primiparous

Mardjan

Prabandari

Hakimi

et al. 2018

UJPH

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Anxiety during pregnancy in primiparous mother will be a hard burden because of the immature both psycologic and reproductive organs which can increase the risk of maternal mortality, infant mortality, prolonged childbirth, LBW, postpartum depression, etc. An effort to minimize the anxiety is the implementation of EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques) during the third trimester. This research purposed to assess the effectiveness of EFT to decrease anxiety in facing childbirth. This research used the quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test method of treatment and control. The treatment was done during the third trimester, started and followed for 3 months ie month 7th, 8th, 9th. The EFT was implemented every month then continued independently by the mother, until before childbirth process. The research instrument used TMAS (Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale) and cortisol blood test. The subjects were 38 respondents consisted of 19 interventions and 19 controls. Result with paired t-test, TMAS1,2,3, each stage got significant difference, pre and post blood cortisol level p = 0.0001. Linear regression analysis on TMAS p = 0.001 and R² = 0.57, whereas blood cortisol level p = 0.004 and R² = 0.43. This analysis proved EFT contributed significantly 57% to lower anxiety levels and 43% to lower blood cortisol level, indirectly affected the readiness to face childbirth process. Abstrak Kecemasan selama kehamilan pada ibu primipara akan memberatkan kondisi bayi dalam kandungan karena secara psikologis kejiwaannya belum siap dan organ reproduksi belum sempurna yang dapat meningkatkan risiko dalam persalinan dan merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab kematian ibu, bayi, partus lama, BBLR, depresi postpartum, dll. Upaya meminimalisasi kecemasan ini dilakukan dengan metode EFT (Emotional Freedom

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Freedom Techniques for Reducing Anxiety and Cortisol Level in Pregnant Adolescent Primiparous

Mardjan

Prabandari

Hakimi

et al. 2018

UJPH

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“…Of note, in the U.S., the lifetime adulthood risk for GAD is estimated at 9% with a 12-month prevalence of 3% [ 1 ]. Globally, for expectant mothers, a prevalence of 8.5%- 10.5% has been reported [ 10 , 54 – 57 ]. In addition, specific anxieties among pregnant women, such as anxiety about pregnancy and childbirth [ 6 , 58 – 60 ], may have an impact on the GAD-7’s specificity and ability to adequately distinguish women who do not meet the criteria for GAD [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7) among Pregnant Women

et al. 2015

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ObjectiveGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) during pregnancy is associated with several adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. A reliable and valid screening tool for GAD should lead to earlier detection and treatment. Among pregnant Peruvian women, a brief screening tool, the GAD-7, has not been validated. This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the GAD-7.MethodsOf 2,978 women who attended their first perinatal care visit and had the GAD-7 screening, 946 had a Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to examine the reliability. We assessed the criterion validity by calculating operating characteristics. The construct validity was evaluated using factor analysis and association with health status on the CIDI. The cross-cultural validity was explored using the Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM).ResultsThe reliability of the GAD-7 was good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89). A cutoff score of 7 or higher, maximizing the Youden Index, yielded a sensitivity of 73.3% and a specificity of 67.3%. One-factor structure of the GAD-7 was confirmed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Concurrent validity was supported by the evidence that higher GAD-7 scores were associated with poor self-rated physical and mental health. The Rasch RSM further confirmed the cross-cultural validity of the GAD-7.ConclusionThe results suggest that the Spanish-language version of the GAD-7 may be used as a screening tool for pregnant Peruvian women. The GAD-7 has good reliability, factorial validity, and concurrent validity. The optimal cutoff score obtained by maximizing the Youden Index should be considered cautiously; women who screened positive may require further investigation to confirm GAD diagnosis.

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Mental Health in Pregnancy

Anderson¹

2021

Behavioral Emergencies for Healthcare Providers

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Atypical Presentations of Pregnancy-Specific Generalized Anxiety Disorders in Women Without a Previous Psychiatric Background

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Emotional Freedom Techniques for Reducing Anxiety and Cortisol Level in Pregnant Adolescent Primiparous

Emotional Freedom Techniques for Reducing Anxiety and Cortisol Level in Pregnant Adolescent Primiparous

Diagnostic Validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7) among Pregnant Women

Mental Health in Pregnancy

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