Au nanoparticles by instant green chemicals and optimising key synthesis parameters using Taguchi method

Abstract

In the recent years, functionalised Au nanoparticles using eco-friendly chemical routes are under the focus for developing several technological applications. However, a simple, reproducible, and controlled synthesis of high-quality nanoparticles is challenging in these approaches. In this work, readily available green chemicals were utilised and the usefulness of and Taguchi approach for optimisation of synthesis procedure was designed for the synthesis of possible lower size Au nanoparticles of size 93 ± 7 nm. L16 orthogonal array, by which the influence of four factors in four levels may well be tested, was chosen. Analysis of variance was done on the attained results and optimum condition suggested by statistical estimations was tested through a verification test. The identified key parameters for synthesising lower size Au nanoparticles are reducing agent (curcumin + cinnamic acid + citric acid), additive (zero), sonication time (30 min), and temperature (50°C) after performing the optimisation technique. Furthermore, this study also provides a selective approach to obtain different shape/shape Au nano to colloidal structures through different trail selection within the Taguchi experimental array.

Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles from Acacia cornigera and Annona purpurea and Their Insecticidal Effect against Tribolium castaneum

“…In addition, the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles has not been optimized earlier, as conducted in the present study through the Taguchi optimization technique. The Taguchi design method has been used in different fields of scientific research, including nanotechnology [30]. Authors mention the importance of used of Taguchi optimization method to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles [13].…”

“…For the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles, aqueous solution from each plant was mixed with 10 mM copper sulfate (CuSO4) and water relation 1:4 v/v [16]. To evaluate the effect of temperature (30,40, 50 • C), pH (5,7,9), concentration of extract of each plant (50, 75, 100%), and reaction time (20, 30, and 40 min) in the bio reduction process of CuNPs, an orthogonal experimental was designed (Table 1). The variable considered for the optimal conditions was the T. castaneum mortality response.…”

Novel biosynthesis of MnO NPs using Mycoendophyte: industrial bioprocessing strategies and scaling-up production with its evaluation as anti-phytopathogenic agents

“…So, in these experiments, L 25 Taguchi orthogonal array design (5**6) was selected to perform this optimization strategy, while MINITAB 18 software was used and Eqs. (6)(7)(8)(9), where fungus-fabricated MnO NPs mass weight was determined, and maximum signal to noise ratios (S/N) were calculated for each fabrication reaction 41 . Finally, the validation test was conducted based on Taguchi's results, and the predicted S/N ratios were calculated.…”

“…There are many metals and metal oxides nanoparticles such as Ag, Au, Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, TiO 2 , ZnO, and CuO nanoparticles that different biological sources have biosynthesized [3][4][5][6][7] . Fungi, bacteria, plants, and even algae can be used effectively as a green factory for fabricating nanoparticles that hold immense potential applications, especially in the biomedical and agricultural sectors [8][9][10] .…”

Optimization of the One-Step Green Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Athyrium filix femina Extract Using the Taguchi Method

“…Taking into consideration of Athyrium filixfemina's potential medicinal properties (like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic) and with its abundant flavonoids [14], this plant has huge scope to be used as a reducing agent to synthesize metal NPs. Furthermore, based on our experience with the synthesis of Ag and AuNPs, size, and shape optimizations [5,15], we have applied the Taguchi approach in this study to produce Ag and AuNPs with homogenous particle size distribution.…”