Audição e linguagem em crianças nascidas a termo e pré-termo

Abstract

Purpose: To examine the maturation of the auditory pathway of children who were born at term and preterm, during 2 years and 6 months. Moreover, we tried to compare this maturation to the development of language skills of these children. Methods: It is a longitudinal and comparative study, which presents a clinical outcome related to the observation and analysis of auditory electrophysiological responses at the first month of life and 2 years and at 6 months old. The sample consisted of eight children, of both genders, being five born at term and three at preterm. Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential and the language evaluation were carried out through the Behavioral Observation Protocol. Results: Both term and premature babies passed through a period of maturation of the auditory pathway. In the correlation of gestation and maturation of the auditory pathway, we observed that the higher gestational age, the higher was the maturation of P1 wave. There was no correlation between language evaluation results and the maturation of the auditory pathway. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we concluded that there was maturation of the auditory pathway in the two-year period in both groups. A correlation between gestational age and maturation of P1 was observed, which shows that the higher is the gestational age, the greater is the maturity of this component. Regarding the language skills, no correlation with the maturation of this sample was noticed.Keywords: Hearing; Evoked potentials, Auditory; Infant, Premature; Child language; Gestational age RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a maturação da via auditiva de crianças nascidas a termo e pré-termo, ao longo de dois anos e seis meses e comparar a maturação auditiva com o desenvolvimento das habilidades linguísticas dessas crianças. Métodos: O estudo teve como desfecho clínico a observação e análise das respostas eletrofisiológicas auditivas de crianças, durante o primeiro mês de vida e aos 2 anos e 6 meses de idade. A amostra constituiu-se de oito crianças, de ambos os gêneros, sendo cinco nascidas a termo e três nascidas pré-termo. Realizou-se o Potencial Evocado Auditivo Cortical e a avaliação de linguagem, por meio do Protocolo de Observação Comportamental. Resultados: Tanto os bebês nascidos a termo como os prematuros passaram por um período de maturação da via auditiva. Na correlação da idade gestacional e maturação da via auditiva, observou-se que, quanto maior a idade gestacional, maior a maturação da onda P1. Não houve correlação entre os resultados da avaliação de linguagem e a maturação da via auditiva. Conclusão: Houve maturação da via auditiva no período de dois anos e seis meses, em ambos os grupos estudados. Observou-se correlação entre Idade Gestacional e a maturação de P1, demonstrando que, quanto maior a Idade Gestacional, maior a maturação deste componente. Quanto às habilidades de linguagem, não houve correlação com a maturação da via auditiva.Descritores: Audição; Potenciais evocados auditivos; Prematuro; Linguagem infantil; Idade gestacio...

Auditory maturation and psychological risk in the first year of life

“…To analyze auditory maturation, we calculated the difference between P1N1 latencies during the first, second, and third time points of assessment, as reported by other authors (27) .…”

Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in 2-Year-Old Subjects

“…10 Cortical auditory evoked potentials are also considered a biomarker of auditory maturity. Exogenous potentials decrease in latency and increase in amplitude during the 1 st year of life, reaching full maturity at $ 14 years old, 5,11,12 although they may continue to change well into the 2 nd decade of life. 13 At birth, it is possible to detect the presence of the components P1/N1; 14,15 however, the age at which the other components of the CAEP arise is not yet precisely known.…”

“…17 There is no consensus in the literature regarding the age at which different components of LLAEPs first appear, or the age-based reference values for signal latency, 17 although studies on the topic have been conducted. 4,5,[7][8][9]11,12,14,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] To date, no studies appear to have investigated CAEPs using verbal stimuli and the Smart EP platform (Intelligent Hearing Systems, Miami, FL, USA) in 2-year-old subjects. We hypothesized that P2 and N2 waves would be present by the age of 2 years old, since the level of myelination of the auditory cortex at this age would allow for the emergence of these components of the CAEP.…”

“… 10 Cortical auditory evoked potentials are also considered a biomarker of auditory maturity. Exogenous potentials decrease in latency and increase in amplitude during the 1 st year of life, reaching full maturity at ∼ 14 years old, 5 11 12 although they may continue to change well into the 2 nd decade of life. 13 …”

“…17 There is no consensus in the literature regarding the age at which different components of LLAEPs first appear, or the age-based reference values for signal latency, 17 although studies on the topic have been conducted. 4 5 7 8 9 11 12 14 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 …”