The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of safety management in civil aviation. Presented the process of approach of Risk Based Oversight (RBO) and application of legal acts and documents necessary for oversight at particular levels (aviation organization, member state, European). One of the main activity of the implementation and effectiveness of the Safety Management System (SMS) management system in air organizations are the effective systems for occurrence reporting and the Just Culture idea. The article also includes an amendment to EU law -Regulation 2018/1139, so-called the new Basic Regulation (NBR -New Basic Regulation), which makes it possible to apply the law to state aviation aircraft carrying out military, customs, police, search and rescue, fire-fighting, border control and coastal protection or other public interest activities in favor of safety, interoperability and efficiency.