Auditory cortical plasticity: Does it provide evidence for cognitive processing in the auditory cortex?

Irvine, Dexter R. F.

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2007.01.006

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…Most importantly, they demonstrate that conductive impairment at a very early age may induce re-organization within auditory cortex, where CHL occurring later in development may promote a different mode or temporal sequence of cortical re-organization. These different modes may include potential plastic changes (e.g., Irvine, 2007) or perturbed expression of neurotransmitters or their receptors (e.g., Cherubini et al, 1991;Gao et al, 1999;Kilman et al, 2002;Yu et al, 2006). Regardless of the underlying mechanism, our main observation remains that in response to low frequency sound stimulation, CHL, but not CA, decreases activity in auditory cortex.…”

Section: Developmental Effects Of Unilateral Chlmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Presumably this specialization requires natural acoustic experience, and that normal development of auditory cortex is dependent upon the postnatal acoustic environment (Takahashi et al, 2006). The studies mentioned above, and others, point to the differing nature of changes that can occur in the central auditory system though developmental versus adult forms of "plasticity" as a function of either peripheral or central processing mechanisms (see Calford, 2002;Syka, 2002;Irvine, 2007). In our previous reports we investigated the effects of unilateral hearing loss, typically induced in gerbils at P21 after the ear has gained some measure of acoustic "experience", within nuclei of the auditory brainstem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequences of unilateral hearing loss: Cortical adjustment to unilateral deprivation

Hutson¹,

Durham²,

Imig³

et al. 2008

Hearing Research

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The effect of unilateral hearing loss on 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake in the central auditory system was studied in post-natal day 21 gerbils. Three weeks following a unilateral conductive hearing loss (CHL) or cochlear ablation (CA), animals were injected with 2-DG and exposed to an alternating auditory stimulus (1 and 2 kHz tones). Uptake of 2-DG was measured in the inferior colliculus (IC), medial geniculate (MG), and auditory cortex (fields AI and AAF) of both sides of the brain in experimental animals and in anesthesia-only sham animals (SH). Significant differences in uptake, compared to SH, were found in the IC contralateral to the manipulated ear (CHL or CA) and in AAF contralateral to the CHL ear. We hypothesize that these findings may result from loss of functional inhibition in the IC contralateral to CA, but not CHL. Altered states of inhibition at the IC may affect activity in pathways ascending to auditory cortex, and ultimately activity in auditory cortex itself. Altered levels of activity in auditory cortex may explain some auditory processing deficits experienced by individuals with CHL.

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Section: Developmental Effects Of Unilateral Chlmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of unilateral hearing loss: Cortical adjustment to unilateral deprivation

Hutson¹,

Durham²,

Imig³

et al. 2008

Hearing Research

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“…This effect might appear potentially consistent with the extensive animal literature on increased representation of CS + within auditory cortex (reviewed in refs. [4][5][6], although some of the single-cell findings from invasive animal recordings were at shorter latencies than the human N1m or P2m (e.g., refs. 1-3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6] in showing plasticity of auditory cortex responses in animals, when sounds are paired with shock in a classical contingency. However, our findings go beyond previous observations in showing that different hierarchical levels of cortical auditory responses (P1m, N1m, and P2m) are subject to very different constraints in flexibility when faced with a sudden contingency reversal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasticity of human auditory-evoked fields induced by shock conditioning and contingency reversal

Kluge

Bauer

Leff

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to assess plasticity of human auditory cortex induced by classical conditioning and contingency reversal. Participants listened to random sequences of high or low tones. A first baseline phase presented these without further associations. In phase 2, one of the frequencies (CS + ) was paired with shock on half its occurrences, whereas the other frequency (CS − ) was not. In phase 3, the contingency assigning CS + and CS − was reversed. Conditioned pupil dilation was observed in phase 2 but extinguished in phase 3. MEG revealed that, during phase-2 initial conditioning, the P1m, N1m, and P2m auditory components, measured from sensors over auditory temporal cortex, came to distinguish between CS + and CS − . After contingency reversal in phase 3, the later P2m component rapidly reversed its selectivity (unlike the pupil response) but the earlier P1m did not, whereas N1m showed some new learning but not reversal. These results confirm plasticity of human auditory responses due to classical conditioning, but go further in revealing distinct constraints on different levels of the auditory hierarchy. The later P2m component can reverse affiliation immediately in accord with an updated expectancy after contingency reversal, whereas the earlier auditory components cannot. These findings indicate distinct cognitive and emotional influences on auditory processing.

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Cochlear implant use following neonatal deafness influences the cochleotopic organization of the primary auditory cortex in cats

Fallon

Irvine

Shepherd

2008

J of Comparative Neurology

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103

143

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Electrical stimulation of spiral ganglion neurons in deafened cochlea, via a cochlear implant, provides a means of investigating the effects of the removal and subsequent restoration of afferent input on the functional organization of the primary auditory cortex (AI). We neonatally deafened seventeen cats before the onset of hearing, thereby abolishing virtually all afferent input from the auditory periphery. In seven animals, the auditory pathway was chronically reactivated with environmentallyderived electrical stimuli presented via a multi-channel intracochlear electrode array implanted at eight weeks of age. Electrical stimulation was provided by a clinical cochlear implant that was used continuously for periods of up to seven months. In ten long-term deafened cats and three age-matched normal hearing controls, an intracochlear electrode array was implanted immediately prior to cortical recording. We recorded from a total of 812 single unit and multi-unit clusters in AI of all cats as adults, using a combination of single tungsten and multi-channel silicon electrode arrays. The absence of afferent activity in the long-term deafened animals had little effect on the basic response properties of AI neurons but resulted in complete loss of the normal cochleotopic organization of AI. This effect was almost completely reversed by chronic reactivation of the auditory pathway via the cochlear implant. We hypothesize that maintenance or re-establishment of a cochleotopically organized AI by activation of a restricted sector of the cochlea -as demonstrated in the present study -contributes to the remarkable clinical performance observed among human patients implanted at a young age.

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Auditory cortical plasticity: Does it provide evidence for cognitive processing in the auditory cortex?

Cited by 49 publications

References 111 publications

Consequences of unilateral hearing loss: Cortical adjustment to unilateral deprivation

Consequences of unilateral hearing loss: Cortical adjustment to unilateral deprivation

Plasticity of human auditory-evoked fields induced by shock conditioning and contingency reversal

Cochlear implant use following neonatal deafness influences the cochleotopic organization of the primary auditory cortex in cats

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