Auditory Evoked Potentials in Children at High Risk for Schizophrenia

Friedman, David; Frosch, Allan; Erlenmeyer‐Kimling, L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3462-0_16

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, when the parents of Friedman et al's (1982) schizophrenic children were rediagnosed using the RDC, and a more complete analysis of the data was performed, no P300 (or SW) differences were obtained between children at high risk for schizophrenia, psychiatric controls (children of parents with an RDC diagnosis of affective disorder), and normal controls (Friedman, Erlenmeyer-Kimling, & Vaughan, 1985). Moreover, Friedman et al (1985) were unsuccessful in isolating a deviant subgroup of children at high risk for schizophrenia, this latter strategy being based on the fact that only some 11%–13% of children with one schizophrenic parent will eventually become schizophrenic themselves (see Friedman, Frosch, & Erlenmeyer-Kimling, 1979; Nicol & Gottesman, 1983). In contrast to the negative findings of Friedman et al (1985), however, those of Saitoh et al (1984) for a high-risk sample defined as having a schizophrenic sibling showed significant LPC attenuation in the high-risk group relative to controls.…”

Section: Lpc: P300 and Slow Wave (Sw)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and a more complete analysis of the data was performed, no P300 (or SW) differences were obtained between children at high risk for schizophrenia, psychiatric controls (children of parents with an RDC diagnosis of affective disorder), and normal controls (Friedman, Erlenmeyer-KJmling, & Vaughan, 1985). Moreover, were unsuccessful in isolating a deviant subgroup of children at high risk for schizophrenia, this latter strategy being based on the fact that only some 11%-13% of children with one schizophrenic parent will eventually become schizophrenic themselves (see Friedman, Frosch. & Erlenmeyer-Kimling.…”

Section: Attenuated Lpc In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive event-related potential correlates of schizophrenia.

Pritchard

1986

Psychological Bulletin

353

114

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In this article I review findings relating schizophrenia to four of the leading event-related brain voltage potential (ERP) components of interest to cognitive psychophysiologists. Research indicates that schizophrenics manifest the following cognitive ERP abnormalities relative to control subjects: (a) a diminished contingent negative variation (CNV) in warned reaction time paradigms during the warning stimulus-imperative stimulus interval; this CNV continues beyond presentation of the imperative stimulus as the postimperative negative variation (PINV). Contingent negative variation attenuation may reflect a state marker of psychosis in acute schizophrenics, whereas serving as a trait marker regardless of current symptoms in more chronic patients. In contrast, the PINV may be more of a state marker for both acute and chronic patients. (b) A pattern of P100–N100 reducing in acute schizophrenics that is not seen in chronic and paranoid patients. (c) Evidence of an attenuated enhancement of N100 (actually superimposed Nd or processing negativity) to stimuli presented in an attended channel, especially at slower event rates. (d) A diminished late positive complex (LPC) apparently due more to a diminished P300 than a diminished slow wave. The LPC attenuation in schizophrenics may to a degree reflect a trait marker of high risk for schizophrenia as well as a residual deficit state that often remains following the remission of positive symptoms. (e) Finally, with the possible exception of the PINV elicited in standard CNV paradigms, these ERP abnormalities do not appear to be specific to schizophrenia, as they are found in association with a variety of other disorders as well. The implication of each of these abnormalities for the conceptualization of the schizophrenic disorder is discussed, as is the “impaired performance” problem associated with doing ERP research with clinical groups.

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Section: Lpc: P300 and Slow Wave (Sw)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attenuated Lpc In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive event-related potential correlates of schizophrenia.

Pritchard

1986

Psychological Bulletin

353

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the past, high-risk researchers made overall comparisons between high-risk and control groups. The current thrust in highrisk research is to make within-group comparisons in hope of identifying a subgroup of high-risk subjects who have inherited a predisposition to schizophrenia (e.g., Asarnow, Steffy, MacCrimmon, & Cleghorn, 1977;Friedman, Frosch, & Erlenmeyer-Kimling, 1979). Although these studies by necessity include only small numbers of subjects, they represent an important step in the refinement of the high-risk research method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental factors related to schizophrenia in psychophysiologically labile high-risk males.

Elaine¹,

Elizabeth²,

Sarnoff³

et al. 1981

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Previous research indicates that certain parameters of electrodermal functioning are related to schizophrenia and risk for schizophrenia. This study investigated childhood environmental factors in two subgroups of high-risk males (offspring of schizophrenic mothers): those who showed patterns of electrodermal lability in childhood and later became schizophrenic, and a matched subgroup who showed similar patterns of electrodermal functioning but did not become schizophrenic. The variables examined were parental absence, institutionalization of the child, and quality of the home and neighborhood. The schizophrenic group had experienced significantly more paternal absence during the 2nd year of life. The schizophrenic subjects also experienced significantly more childhood institutionalization, particularly in the 1st and 6th through 10th years of life. The quality of home and neighborhood and maternal absence did not distinguish the two groups. The findings are interpreted as indicating the importance of paternal presence in ameliorating the disruptive effects of the schizophrenic mother on vulnerable male offspring. Many contemporary theorists assume that the etiology of schizophrenia is best explained as an interaction between constitutional and environmental factors. This assumption has been articulated in several theoretical models, most notably the diathesis stress (Rosenthal, 1970) or vulnerability (Zubin & Spring, 1977) models. Basically, these models assume an inherited or acquired biological predisposition to schizophrenia, which is triggered by environmental stress. The relative contributions of environmental and constitutional factors are presumed to vary among individuals. The models also assume that some individuals who are constitutionally predisposed may fail to manifest schizophrenia because of a nurturant, protective environment. Others with similar predispositions may break down early in life because of exposure to a stressful environment. Although these models have proven beneficial in explaining much of the data on Requests for reprints should be sent to

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An introduction to methodology, psychophysiological significance and clinical applications

Licht¹,

Hömberg²

1990

Evoked Potential Manual

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Auditory Evoked Potentials in Children at High Risk for Schizophrenia

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Cognitive event-related potential correlates of schizophrenia.

Cognitive event-related potential correlates of schizophrenia.

Environmental factors related to schizophrenia in psychophysiologically labile high-risk males.

An introduction to methodology, psychophysiological significance and clinical applications

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