Auger parameter studies of amorphous CuHf alloys

Walker, Christopher; Morton, Simon A.; Beamson, G.; Matthew, J.A.D.; Yousif, F. N.

doi:10.1016/0368-2048(94)02216-m

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…8,9 Considering that metals are characterized by perfect screening, reduced screening means that the atoms experience a 'less metallic' environment. The Auger parameter shifts (both initial and final state) of the elements of interest between pure metal and alloy in Table 1 suggest that the metal with sp valence configuration (i.e.…”

Section: Discussion Auger Parameter Variations In the Ti-al-v Alloy Smentioning

confidence: 99%

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of Ti–Al and Ti–Al–V alloys using Cr K_β radiation

Diplas

Watts

Tsakiropoulos

et al. 2001

Surface & Interface Analysis

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NTRODUCTIONAlloy development and design require a better understanding of alloying behaviour at the electronic level.1 Auger parameter 2,3 differences between pure metals and alloys have been used in various studies to probe electronic changes, such as charge transfer (or charge redistribution), that accompany alloy or compound formation. 4 -12 The metallurgical importance of charge transfer between solvent and solute(s) can be appreciated when considering issues such as the nature of the metallic bond, crystal structure variations and order/disorder phenomena in various alloys. 4 -6 Alloy formation involves the co-existence of atoms of two or more elements in the same lattice accompanied by electronic changes in the valence configurations, which lead to the formation of new bonds or modification of the existing ones. Thus, the crystal structure may be modified or altered completely and these modifications may trigger microstructural changes with significant impact on the properties and performance of the alloys formed. This interplay between atomic structure crystal structure microstructure material performance justifies the emphasis of current research to understand better the alloying behaviour at electronic level. High-energy XPS with Cr Kˇradiation (h D 5946.7 eV) in combination with thermodynamic predictions and microstructural studies has been proved to be useful to probe the nature of atomic bonding, crystal structure modifications and microstructural evolution. 5,6 In this paper an attempt has been made to understand the phenomena taking place at the atomic and sub-atomic level upon alloying using Auger parameter values and plasmon energies and intensities obtained by high-energy and conventional (h D 1486.6 eV with Al K˛radiation) XPS and to relate these to thermodynamic modelling and the microstructures of Ti-Al-(V) alloys. EXPERIMENTALAlloys of nominal compositions 20,30at.%Al,.%V, Ti-25at.% Al-25at.%V, V-50at.%Al and Ti-50at.%V were prepared by clean melting using high-purity Ti, V and Al. Special care was taken to ensure chemical homogeneity and very low levels of interstitials (O 2 < 500 ppm, H 2 < 20 ppm, C < 20 ppm and N 2 < 30 ppm). Prior to XPS analysis the surface of the alloy was polished down to 1 µm followed by ultrasonic cleaning with inhibisol.Acquisition of deep, well-localized 1s KLL transitions lead to optimum results in Auger parameter studies.

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Section: Discussion Auger Parameter Variations In the Ti-al-v Alloy Smentioning

confidence: 99%

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of Ti–Al and Ti–Al–V alloys using Cr K_β radiation

Diplas

Watts

Tsakiropoulos

et al. 2001

Surface & Interface Analysis

Self Cite

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“…Recent applications of the Auger parameter concept include the studies of interfaces, 14,15 characterization of the chemical environment in a series of substituted inorganic salts and simple complexes, 6,7,16 -18 studies of charge transfer phenomena in alloys 19,20 and screening mechanisms in metals. 21 -23 One item of information potentially available through the Auger parameter formalism is the chemical nature of the surrounding 'ligands' or next-nearest neighbors of a central, generally cationic, species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extra-atomic relaxation energies and auger parameters of titanium compounds

Woodbridge

Langell

1999

Surf. Interface Anal.

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“…5 indicates that the Ni-B alloys are screened less in the presence of core holes compared with pure Ni. 41,42 This could be interpreted as a reduction of the electron density around the Ni sites. However, changes in the initial Auger parameter values suggest that the core potential acquires a more negative value (see Eqn.…”

Section: Probing the Electronic Structure Of The Ni-b Alloysmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characterization of NiB amorphous alloys with x‐ray photoelectron and secondary ion mass spectroscopy

Diplas

Lehrmann

Jörgensen

et al. 2005

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Amorphous Ni-B alloys with nominal compositions 30 at.% B and 50 at.% B were produced via electrodeposition on pure Ni polycrystalline substrates. The surfaces of the alloys were characterized with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (DSIMS). Information on the compositional variation with depth was acquired with XPS both non-destructively, in angle-resolved mode (ARXPS), and destructively with argon ion etching, as well as with DSIMS. Boron oxide dominates the outermost surface of the alloys. Its presence also in the bulk of the alloys is attributed to oxidation during processing, whereas the presence of hydrogen detected with SIMS is attributed to adsorption occurring during processing. The Auger parameter concept and information from the primary and secondary structure of the XPS spectrum were employed to probe the electronic changes occurring upon alloying. It is suggested that the main electronic changes occurring are hybridization of the Ni spd states with the B sp states and an apparent increase of the electron density around the Ni sites.

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Auger parameter studies of amorphous CuHf alloys

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of Ti–Al and Ti–Al–V alloys using Cr K_β radiation

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of Ti–Al and Ti–Al–V alloys using Cr K_β radiation

Extra-atomic relaxation energies and auger parameters of titanium compounds

Characterization of NiB amorphous alloys with x‐ray photoelectron and secondary ion mass spectroscopy

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Auger parameter studies of amorphous CuHf alloys

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of Ti–Al and Ti–Al–V alloys using Cr Kβ radiation

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of Ti–Al and Ti–Al–V alloys using Cr Kβ radiation

Extra-atomic relaxation energies and auger parameters of titanium compounds

Characterization of NiB amorphous alloys with x‐ray photoelectron and secondary ion mass spectroscopy

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Product

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X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of Ti–Al and Ti–Al–V alloys using Cr K_β radiation

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of Ti–Al and Ti–Al–V alloys using Cr K_β radiation