Augmentation of NK activity and/or macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity in the liver by biological response modifiers including human recombinant interleukin 2

Zhang, Shu Ren; Salup, Raoul; Urias, Patricia E.; Twilley, T. A.; Talmadge, James E.; Herberman, Ronald B.; Wiltrout, Robert H.

doi:10.1007/bf00199372

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It has been well documented that when a Streptococcus pyogenes derivative (OK432) is injected to mice, the liver NK cells are increased and activated, and they suppress tumor metastasis in the liver [45, 46] (Table 2). T cells and NKT cells are not likely involved in this antitumor effect, because depletion of NK cells alone by an antiasialo GM1 Ab greatly diminished the antimetastatic effect of OK432.…”

Section: Antitumor Immunity In the Liver Induced By Bacterial Reagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antitumor Immunity Produced by the Liver Kupffer Cells, NK Cells, NKT Cells, and CD8⁺CD122⁺T Cells

Seki

Nakashima

et al. 2011

Clinical and Developmental Immunology

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Mouse and human livers contain innate immune leukocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, and macrophage-lineage Kupffer cells. Various bacterial components, including Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and an NKT cell ligand (α-galactocylceramide), activate liver Kupffer cells, which produce IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF. IL-12 activates hepatic NK cells and NKT cells to produce IFN-γ, which further activates hepatic T cells, in turn activating phagocytosis and cytokine production by Kupffer cells in a positive feedback loop. These immunological events are essentially evoked to protect the host from bacterial and viral infections; however, these events also contribute to antitumor and antimetastatic immunity in the liver by activated liver NK cells and NKT cells. Bystander CD8+CD122+ T cells, and tumor-specific memory CD8+T cells, are also induced in the liver by α-galactocylceramide. Furthermore, adoptive transfer experiments have revealed that activated liver lymphocytes may migrate to other organs to inhibit tumor growth, such as the lungs and kidneys. The immunological mechanism underlying the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic livers in hepatitis C patients and liver innate immunity as a double-edged sword (hepatocyte injury/regeneration, septic shock, autoimmune disease, etc.) are also discussed.

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Section: Antitumor Immunity In the Liver Induced By Bacterial Reagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antitumor Immunity Produced by the Liver Kupffer Cells, NK Cells, NKT Cells, and CD8⁺CD122⁺T Cells

Seki

Nakashima

et al. 2011

Clinical and Developmental Immunology

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“…with silica or gadolinium chloride, resulting in increased tumor growth or metastasis [15]. Conversely, antitumor therapeutic effects of biological response modifiers are thought to be at least partially due to the Kupffer cellmediated cytotoxicity [16],…”

Section: Secretion Of Bioactive Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Cell Heterogeneity: Functions of Non-Parenchymal Cells

Bouwens¹,

P²,

Vanderkerken³

et al. 1992

Enzyme

113

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The normal hepatic sinusoid is formed or lined by four different cell types, each with its specific phenotypic characteristics, functions and topography. Endothelial cells constitute the closed lining or wall of the capillary. They contain small fenestrations to allow the free diffusion of substances, but not of particles like chylomicrons, between the blood and the hepatocyte surface. This filtering effect regulates the fat uptake by the liver. Sinusoidal endothelial cells also have a pronounced endocytotic capacity which makes them an important part of the reticuloendothelial system. They are also active in the secretion of bioactive factors and extracellular matrix components of the liver. Recently, a zonal heterogeneity of the endothelial lining has been reported with regard to its filtering capacity (fenestration) and binding capacity for lectins and cells. Kupffer cells are intrasinusoidally located tissue macrophages with a pronounced endocytotic capacity. They are potent mediators of the inflammatory response by the secretion of a variety of bioactive factors and play an important part in the immune defense. A zonal heterogeneity has been established with regard to the endocytotic capacity and cytotoxic function. Pit cells are now known to represent a liver-associated population of large granular lymphocytes. They have the capacity to kill tumor cells and probably also play a role in the antiviral defense of the liver. In addition, pit cells may have a growth-regulatory function of the liver. They are known to be numerically more prominent in the periportal region, as is also the case for Kupffer cells. Fat-storing or Ito cells are present in the perisinusoidal space of Disse and are thought to represent the main hepatic source of extracellular matrix components. They are also the main site of vitamin-A storage. Fatstoring cells are more numerous in the periportal region than in the central region of the hepatic acinus. The periportal cells also store higher amounts of vitamin A. Sinusoidal cells may be considered to represent a functional unit at the border line between the hepatocytes or parenchymal cells and the blood. They participate in various liver functions and liver pathologies and our knowledge about this is growing. The heterogeneity of these cell types and possible cooperations between them and the hepatocytes may add to our understanding of liver functions.

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“…activity (Herberman & Ortaldo, 1981 ;Zang et al, 1986). We have previously demonstrated that injection of chemically inactivated yeast cells of C .…”

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confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Components of Candida albicans as Immunomodulators: Induction of Natural Killer and Macrophage-mediated Peritoneal Cell Cytotoxicity in Mice by Mannoprotein and Glucan Fractions

Scaringi

Marconi²,

Boccanera³

et al. 1988

Microbiology

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Cell wall components from Candida albicans were compared to intact cells for their ability to induce natural cytotoxic immunoeffectors in the peritoneal cavity of mice. A soluble mannoprotein extract (MP) and an insoluble glucan fraction (GG) strongly stimulated the generation of peritoneal effectors capable of lysing YAC-1 and P-8 15 tumour cell lines in vitro. The anti-YAC-1 effectors were characterized as natural killer (NK) lymphocytes while the anti-P-815 effectors appeared to be activated macrophages. The activity of each fraction was typically dose-dependent and both fractions differed from whole cells in the kinetics of induction of cytotoxicity. However, the NK and macrophage effectors generated by these materials had similar functional and phenotypic properties, irrespective of the material used as inducer. No mannoprotein was detected in the insoluble glucan fraction GG. Hence, the immunoenhancing activity of GG could not be attributed to the presence of some MP or MPlike component. Mannan-rich fractions with low (< 3 %) protein content (M) or extracted by hot alkaline reagent (M-alk) were inactive as NK and macrophage inducers. Thus, the cell wall of C. albicans contains at least two distinct macromolecular complexes which mediate the induction in murine peritoneal exudates of cytotoxic effectors active against tumour cell lines. I N T R O D U C T I O NInjection of Candida albicans into immunocompetent hosts induces a number of non-specific immunomodulatory effects (Cassone et al., 1981 ;Cutler & Lloyd, 1983 ;Domer et al., 1986). This property is shared by other micro-organisms and their products, and by some non-microbial compounds; but the immunomodulating properties of C. albicans deserve special attention since this fungus forms part of the human commensal flora, and hence its effects on the immune system are likely to be relevant under natural conditions. Healthy individuals are sensitized to this fungus and capable of mounting diverse immune responses when suitably challenged with C. albicans antigens (Rogers & Balish, 1980;Tartof et al., 1980Tartof et al., , 1983 Ausiello et al., 1986). These responses may lead to protection against aggressive tumours or infectious agents in experimental models (Kokoshis et al., 1978;Marconi et al., 1983; Bistoni et al., 1986). For this reason, C. albicans should be regarded as a powerful biological response modifier : these are materials from microbial or non-microbial sources important for their potential applications as immunoprophylactic or therapeutic agents in the fields of cancer and/or infectious diseases.One rather common property of biological response modifiers is the induction or augmentation of natural immunoreactivities including, in particular, the natural killer (NK) cell . We have previously demonstrated that injection of chemically inactivated yeast cells of C . albicans into the peritoneal cavities of mice induced the appearance of an effector population with potent cytotoxicity against the YAC-1 tumour cell line. These effectors had the ph...

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Augmentation of NK activity and/or macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity in the liver by biological response modifiers including human recombinant interleukin 2

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Antitumor Immunity Produced by the Liver Kupffer Cells, NK Cells, NKT Cells, and CD8⁺CD122⁺T Cells

Antitumor Immunity Produced by the Liver Kupffer Cells, NK Cells, NKT Cells, and CD8⁺CD122⁺T Cells

Liver Cell Heterogeneity: Functions of Non-Parenchymal Cells

Cell Wall Components of Candida albicans as Immunomodulators: Induction of Natural Killer and Macrophage-mediated Peritoneal Cell Cytotoxicity in Mice by Mannoprotein and Glucan Fractions

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Augmentation of NK activity and/or macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity in the liver by biological response modifiers including human recombinant interleukin 2

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Antitumor Immunity Produced by the Liver Kupffer Cells, NK Cells, NKT Cells, and CD8+CD122+T Cells

Antitumor Immunity Produced by the Liver Kupffer Cells, NK Cells, NKT Cells, and CD8+CD122+T Cells

Liver Cell Heterogeneity: Functions of Non-Parenchymal Cells

Cell Wall Components of Candida albicans as Immunomodulators: Induction of Natural Killer and Macrophage-mediated Peritoneal Cell Cytotoxicity in Mice by Mannoprotein and Glucan Fractions

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Product

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Antitumor Immunity Produced by the Liver Kupffer Cells, NK Cells, NKT Cells, and CD8⁺CD122⁺T Cells

Antitumor Immunity Produced by the Liver Kupffer Cells, NK Cells, NKT Cells, and CD8⁺CD122⁺T Cells