Augmentative releases of a parasitoid (Metaphycus sp. nr. flavus) against citricola scale (Coccus pseudomagnoliarum) on oranges in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Schweizer, Heinrich; Morse, J. G.; Luck, Robert F.; Forster, Lisa D.

doi:10.1016/s1049-9644(02)00017-8

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Their data suggested that this parasitoid was indeed able to reduce survival of citricola scale when it was not conÞned. However, Schweizer et al (2002) did not release M. sp. nr flavus before February.…”

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confidence: 83%

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Augmentative Releases of Metaphycus sp. nr flavus Against Citricola Scale on Oranges in the San Joaquin Valley of California: Are Early Releases Better Than Late Ones?

Schweizer¹,

Luck²,

Morse³

2003

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We conducted an augmentative release trial with the encyrtid parasitoid Metaphycus sp. nr flavus (Howard) against citricola scale, Coccus pseudomagniolarum (Kuwana), in three citrus orchards in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Three parasitoid release timings (14 October-13 November, 4 January-5 February, and 26 February-16 March; hereinafter "early," "intermediate," and "late") were compared with a no-release check. Approximately 2,400 female parasitoids were released per central release tree. Late releases were associated with reduced scale survival on the release trees but no evidence of scale suppression was found on adjacent trees. Early and intermediate releases resulted in less pronounced scale suppression than late releases. Intermediate and late, but not early, releases were associated with an increase in the numbers of recovered female M. sp. nr flavus. Early releases, however, increased the numbers of recovered male Metaphycus spp. Thus, at the time of early releases, the scales may have been too small for the production of female parasitoids. A multiple regression model relating the degree of scale mortality in one orchard to the levels of recovered female Metaphycus helvolus (Compere), M. sp. nr flavus, or M. luteolus (Timberlake) (these latter two species are morphologically indistinguishable), and Coccophagus spp., suggested that the number of Coccophagus spp. females followed by M. helvolus females, were most strongly associated with scale mortality.

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confidence: 83%

“…nr flavus was the most promising of the evaluated species. Subsequently, Schweizer et al (2002) conducted open-Þeld release experiments with M. sp. nr flavus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Augmentative Releases of Metaphycus sp. nr flavus Against Citricola Scale on Oranges in the San Joaquin Valley of California: Are Early Releases Better Than Late Ones?

Schweizer¹,

Luck²,

Morse³

2003

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“…A further species of Metaphycus that has attracted the attention of citrus researchers in California is M. flavus (Howard) (Bernal et al 1999;Schweizer et al 2002Schweizer et al , 2003. This species was collected in 1996 from citricola scale at Kozan, Turkey, and has since been introduced to central California's San Joaquin Valley for the biological control of citricola scale (Bernal et al 1999;Schweizer et al 2002), and to southern California orchards for the control of black scale (Schweizer et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species was collected in 1996 from citricola scale at Kozan, Turkey, and has since been introduced to central California's San Joaquin Valley for the biological control of citricola scale (Bernal et al 1999;Schweizer et al 2002), and to southern California orchards for the control of black scale (Schweizer et al 2003). However, it is unknown whether this species has established in either region, at least in part because it is morphologically indistinguishable from the native M. luteolus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we present a molecular identification method based on multiplex-PCR, enabling rapid and reliable identification of ten parasitoid species (from three genera), which are (Kapranas et al 2007), or through augmentative releases may become (Bernal et al 1999;Schweizer et al 2002Schweizer et al , 2003, part of the complex of parasitoids attacking soft scales in California citrus groves: Metaphycus luteolus, M. stanleyi (M. swirskii), M angustifrons, M. helvolus, M. flavus, Microterys nietneri, Coccophagus cowperi (Girault), C. lycimnia, C. rusti (Compere), and C. semicircularis (Forster). Of these, M. luteolus is the only California native, the others having been originally imported into California for release against various soft scale species (Bartlett 1978;Daane et al 1991;Lampson and Morse 1992;Bernal et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxon-specific multiplex-PCR for quick, easy, and accurate identification of encyrtid and aphelinid parasitoid species attacking soft scale insects in California citrus groves

Rugman‐Jones

Forster

Guerrieri³

et al. 2010

BioControl

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Survey of brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum L. parasitoids in southern California citrus

Kapranas¹,

Morse²,

Pacheco³

et al. 2007

Biological Control

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Augmentative releases of a parasitoid (Metaphycus sp. nr. flavus) against citricola scale (Coccus pseudomagnoliarum) on oranges in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Augmentative Releases of <I>Metaphycus</I> sp. nr <I>flavus</I> Against Citricola Scale on Oranges in the San Joaquin Valley of California: Are Early Releases Better Than Late Ones?

Augmentative Releases of <I>Metaphycus</I> sp. nr <I>flavus</I> Against Citricola Scale on Oranges in the San Joaquin Valley of California: Are Early Releases Better Than Late Ones?

Taxon-specific multiplex-PCR for quick, easy, and accurate identification of encyrtid and aphelinid parasitoid species attacking soft scale insects in California citrus groves

Survey of brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum L. parasitoids in southern California citrus

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