Aural Detection of Grain Infested Internally with Insects

Adams, Robert E.; Wolfe, June E.; Milner, Max; Shellenberger, J. A.

doi:10.1126/science.118.3058.163

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The first studies on acoustic detection of pests were based on detection inside kernels by using low-frequency microphones and phonograph cartridges that transmitted signals to earphones or speakers, which were coupled with mechanical counters or strip chart recorders (Adams et al 1953;Bailey & McCabe 1965;Street 1971;Vick et al 1988). Next followed a series of studies on the use of high-frequency (up to 40 kHz) piezoelectric sensors combined with powerful amplifiers, used to detect a variety of stored product insect pests, including Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), Sitophilus oryzae Schoenherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), A. obtectus, and Z. subfasciatus (Webb et al 1985;Hagstrum 1988;Shade et al 1990;Litzkow et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Adult Beetles Inside the Stored Wheat Mass Based on Their Acoustic Emissions

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Adult Beetles Inside the Stored Wheat Mass Based on Their Acoustic Emissions

et al. 2015

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“…By transmitted light, insect fragments appear bright orange-red, while bran and germ particles are staincd deep violet. Staining with ruthenium red is suggtsted for detecting dung and plant fragments in milk (260) Internal or hidden insect infestation of grains is detected hy means of a low noise level audioamplifier microphone and loudspcalier (3). It has also been suggested that insects in stored grains csn be identified by their mandible characteristics (162), and a recent series of papers dealing with insect rontamination in foods iq particularly timely (151, 179,209).…”

Section: Contaiiination and Spoilagementioning

confidence: 99%

Review - Food

Matchett¹,

Loesecke²

1955

Anal. Chem.

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HIS reyieiy covers some 2 years that have passed since the previous one was completed (190), and includes papers rapid when final drying in a water or vacuum oven is preceded by heating in a water bath for 1 hour.An apparatus for determining moisture in grains and flour by use of electric conductivity has been patented in Japan (136). Application of the old toy used to predict the weather (not too published during this time. MOISTUREKesearrh on moisture determination by nuclear magnetic resonance has been continued, and a recent paper (263) reports that this method has shown promise for rapid routine use. One important advantage is that it does not require essential modification of the test specimen. The method is effective in moisture ranges from a fevi per cent to as high as 100%.Moisture determinations with the Karl Fischer reagent have been critically evamined and discussed in three papers (57, 152, 281). Efforts have been made to substitute other reagents for methanol, and formamide has been found to be more versatile than methanol for moisture in such foods as beans, cahe mix, dried whole eggs, egg noodles, rolled oats, rice, and wheat ( 1 7 7 ) . Another modification makes use of a solution of bromine and sulfur dioxide in anhydrous chloroform instead of methanol ( 1 4 ) . I n the determination of moisture in honey using different methods, the Karl Fischer technique gave the highest values. while the refractive index method of the A40AC gave the lowest value ( 1 ) A method has been proposed (290) for estimating moisture in sugar-containing products, such as honey, jams, and fruit juices, based on the property of absolute alcohol to form an azeotropic mivture TTith n-ater of the sample, and upon the use of a special colloidal silicate which dries easilv. I n the case of dry sugar, it was found ( 9 4 ) that drying the sugar a t 130' C. for 45 to 60 minutes gave results identical with those obtained by drying a t lower temperatures for 4 hours or longer. 1Ioisture determinations in cheese have been carried out by placing the cheese between two previously weighed sheets of unlacquered aluminum 15 x 19 X 0.0016 em. (268). This is somewhat similar to the glac;s rod technique of the AOAC (@), in which the cheese is smeared on a glass rod. This method results in an improvement in the precision of the vacuum oven method for determination of moisture in both process cheese and cheese food, in that there is less burning of the sample. It has been reported (163) that loss of moisture in cheese is most accurately) has been utilized to measure moisture in milled products (230). Dried filter paper is impregnated with cobalt chloride, which changes from blue to red when exposed to moisture. An infrared method has been proposed for measuring moisture in starch ($94). A 10-gram sample is placed in an aluminum dish and irradiated with a 250-watt infrared lamp a t 10 em. After 15 minutes the sample is cooled in a desiccator and weighed.Several methods have been suggested for determining moisture in fats and oils. A procedure...

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“…Although the sounds that insects produce incidentally in movement and feeding activities are usually low in intensity, numerous researchers have overcome this technical challenge and developed acoustic systems for insect detection. For decades, acoustic monitoring has been used to detect insects (Brain 1924, Adams et al 1953) and estimate their population densities in stored grain (Hagstrum et al 1988. Hickling et al (1994Hickling et al ( , 2000 used microphones to estimate numbers of pink bollworm in cotton bolls.…”

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confidence: 99%

Acoustic Estimation of Infestations and Population Densities of White Grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Turfgrass

Zhang¹,

Crocker²,

Mankin³

et al. 2003

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Incidental sounds produced by Phyllophaga crinita (Burmeister) and Cyclocephala lurida (Bland) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) white grubs were monitored with single- and multiple-sensor acoustic detection systems in turf fields and golf course fairways in Texas. The maximum detection range of an individual acoustic sensor was measured in a greenhouse as approximately the area enclosed in a 26.5-cm-diameter perimeter (552 cm2). A single-sensor acoustic system was used to rate the likelihood of white grub infestation at monitored sites, and a four-sensor array was used to count the numbers of white grubs at sites where infestations were identified. White grub population densities were acoustically estimated by dividing the estimated numbers of white grubs by the area of the detection range. For comparisons with acoustic monitoring methods, infestations were assessed also by examining 10-cm-diameter soil cores collected with a standard golf cup-cutter. Both acoustic and cup-cutter assessments of infestation and estimates of white grub population densities were verified by excavation and sifting of the soil around the sensors after each site was monitored. The single-sensor acoustic method was more successful in assessing infestations at a recording site than was the cup-cutter method, possibly because the detection range was larger than the area of the soil core. White grubs were recovered from >90% of monitored sites rated at medium or high likelihood of infestation. Infestations were successfully identified at 23 of the 24 sites where white grubs were recovered at densities >50/m2, the threshold for economic damage. The four-sensor array yielded the most accurate estimates of the numbers of white grubs in the detection range, enabling reliable, nondestructive estimation of white grub population densities. However, tests with the array took longer and were more difficult to perform than tests with the single sensor.

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Aural Detection of Grain Infested Internally with Insects

Cited by 25 publications

References 2 publications

Detection of Adult Beetles Inside the Stored Wheat Mass Based on Their Acoustic Emissions

Detection of Adult Beetles Inside the Stored Wheat Mass Based on Their Acoustic Emissions

Review - Food

Acoustic Estimation of Infestations and Population Densities of White Grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Turfgrass

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