Austenitic Stainless Steels Manufacturing by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Technique

Schino, Andrea Di; Fogarait, Paolo; Corapi, Domenico; Pietro, Orlando Di; Zitelli, Chiara

doi:10.36547/ams.26.1.329

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Furthermore, software at the meso-dimensional level must be able to define the steel’s final properties, not only its structural and mechanical character but also its exact geometrical dimensions and shapes [ 110 ]. Nowadays, structure refinement is an attractive way to increase the strength properties of steels using the laser-powder bed fusion process [ 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of HSS Steel Grades Development and Study of Reheating Condition Effects on Austenite Grain Size Changes

Kvačkaj

Bidulská

Bidulský³

2021

Materials

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This review paper concerns the development of the chemical compositions and controlled processes of rolling and cooling steels to increase their mechanical properties and reduce weight and production costs. The paper analyzes the basic differences among high-strength steel (HSS), advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) and ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS) depending on differences in their final microstructural components, chemical composition, alloying elements and strengthening contributions to determine strength and mechanical properties. HSS is characterized by a final single-phase structure with reduced perlite content, while AHSS has a final structure of two-phase to multiphase. UHSS is characterized by a single-phase or multiphase structure. The yield strength of the steels have the following value intervals: HSS, 180–550 MPa; AHSS, 260–900 MPa; UHSS, 600–960 MPa. In addition to strength properties, the ductility of these steel grades is also an important parameter. AHSS steel has the best ductility, followed by HSS and UHSS. Within the HSS steel group, high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel represents a special subgroup characterized by the use of microalloying elements for special strength and plastic properties. An important parameter determining the strength properties of these steels is the grain-size diameter of the final structure, which depends on the processing conditions of the previous austenitic structure. The influence of reheating temperatures (TReh) and the holding time at the reheating temperature (tReh) of C–Mn–Nb–V HSLA steel was investigated in detail. Mathematical equations describing changes in the diameter of austenite grain size (dγ), depending on reheating temperature and holding time, were derived by the authors. The coordinates of the point where normal grain growth turned abnormal was determined. These coordinates for testing steel are the reheating conditions TReh = 1060 °C, tReh = 1800 s at the diameter of austenite grain size dγ = 100 μm.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of HSS Steel Grades Development and Study of Reheating Condition Effects on Austenite Grain Size Changes

Kvačkaj

Bidulská

Bidulský³

2021

Materials

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“…Studies have shown that the tensile strength of 316L stainless steel prepared using L-PBF can range from 750 MPa to 1000 MPa, while the elongation at break can be as high as 50% [33][34][35]. Similarly, the yield strength (YS) of 316L stainless steel prepared using EBM can range from 590 MPa to 710 MPa, while the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) can be as high as 800 MPa [36,37]. In addition to the tensile properties, the fracture toughness of 316L stainless steel prepared using additive manufacturing has also been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Properties of 316L Stainless Steel after AM and Heat Treatment

et al. 2023

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Additive manufacturing, including laser powder bed fusion, offers possibilities for the production of materials with properties comparable to conventional technologies. The main aim of this paper is to describe the specific microstructure of 316L stainless steel prepared using additive manufacturing. The as-built state and the material after heat treatment (solution annealing at 1050 °C and 60 min soaking time, followed by artificial aging at 700 °C and 3000 min soaking time) were analyzed. A static tensile test at ambient temperature, 77 K, and 8 K was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties. The characteristics of the specific microstructure were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The stainless steel 316L prepared using laser powder bed fusion consisted of a hierarchical austenitic microstructure, with a grain size of 25 µm as-built up to 35 µm after heat treatment. The grains predominantly contained fine 300–700 nm subgrains with a cellular structure. It was concluded that after the selected heat treatment there was a significant reduction in dislocations. An increase in precipitates was observed after heat treatment, from the original amount of approximately 20 nm to 150 nm.

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“…Its low carbon content and good ductility help to prevent crack formation during rapid cooling [18] typical of AM technologies and no special care are needed to avoid carbides or carbon segregation related problems [34]. Moreover, due to high cost, the maraging steels are often used in the sector, such as aerospace or tool-manufacturing industries, which require the combination of complex geometries and excellent mechanical properties that can be well fulfilled by the L-PBF process [21,[35][36][37][38]. The scientific research about the production of maraging steel by L-PBF technology has been focused on the optimization of the process parameters and the condition of solution annealing and ageing heat treatments [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Treatment Effect on Maraging Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Technology: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Stornelli

Gaggia²,

Rallini³

et al. 2021

Acta Metall Slovaca

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Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is a widespread additive manufacturing technology in industrial applications, for metal components manufacturing. Maraging steel is a special class of Fe-Ni alloys, typically used in the aerospace and tooling sectors due to their good combination of mechanical strength and toughness. This work analyses the heat treatment effect on the microstructure and hardness value of 300-grade maraging steel manufactured by the L-PBF process. The considered heat treatment consists of a solution annealing treatment followed by quenching and ageing hardening treatment. The effect of ageing temperature is reported, in a wide temperature range. Results show that solution annealing treatment fully dissolves the solidification structure caused by the L-PBF process. Moreover, the ageing hardening treatment has a significant impact on the hardness, hence on strength, of L-PBF maraging steel. The optimal ageing conditions for the L-PBF maraging steel are identified and reported: in particular, results show that the hardness of 583 HV is achieved following ageing treatment at 490 °C for 6 hours. A higher treatment temperature leads to over-ageing resulting in a decrease of hardness. Conversely, an excessive ageing time does not seem to affect the hardness value, for the ageing temperature of 490 °C.

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Austenitic Stainless Steels Manufacturing by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Technique

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Overview of HSS Steel Grades Development and Study of Reheating Condition Effects on Austenite Grain Size Changes

Overview of HSS Steel Grades Development and Study of Reheating Condition Effects on Austenite Grain Size Changes

Investigation of the Properties of 316L Stainless Steel after AM and Heat Treatment

Heat Treatment Effect on Maraging Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Technology: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

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