“…Research on energy security in Asian countries is part of the Asian Energy Security Project [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], coordinated by the Nautilus Institute [23]. The research includes Japan, Korea (North and South), China, and Vietnam, and uses both a narrow definition (energy security only in terms of energy supply), and a more broadly defined energy security that is not only based on energy supply, but also includes economic, technological, environmental, social and cultural, and military perspectives, applying the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) software system [20,21].…”