Australian rubella serosurvey 2012–2013: On track for elimination?

Edirisuriya, C. S.; Beard, Frank; Hendry, Alexandra; Dey, Aditi; Gidding, Heather F.; Hueston, Linda; Dwyer, Dominic E.; Wood, James G.; Macartney, Kristine; McIntyre, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.086

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As previously expected, anti-rubella IgG levels among females in this age group were significantly higher than those in their male counterparts. This gender-specific differences were also found in other studies with selective vaccination program [19–20]. Two-dose rubella immunization for infants aged 9–12 months and 6 years started in 2010.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Antibodies against measles and rubella virus among different age groups in Thailand: A population-based serological survey

et al. 2019

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Measles and rubella are highly contagious viral diseases transmitted via respiratory secretions and aerosolized droplets. Thailand has implemented universal vaccination against measles using the monovalent measles (M) or the trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine for the past 30 years. Nevertheless, incidence of measles and rubella remains in some parts of the country. We conducted a seroprevalence study to evaluate the antibodies to measles and rubella virus among Thais of all ages and to determine pre-existing immunity resulting from either vaccination and/or natural exposure. A total of 1,781 serum samples collected in 2014 was tested for IgG to measles and rubella virus by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Percentages of individuals with protective antibody levels and the geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of IgG in each age group were analysed. The GMC of anti-measles IgG and anti-rubella IgG were 653.7 IU/L (95% confidence interval (CI); 555.9–751.4) and 39.5 IU/mL (95% CI;35.0–43.9), respectively. Thais between the ages of six months and 25 years did not demonstrate sufficient protective herd immunity for measles. This observation is consistent with the recent measles outbreaks in this age group. Lower prevalence of immunity against rubella was found among children ages 5–6 years who may not have completed vaccination as infants. Our findings identify gaps in rubella and measles immunity in specific age groups and support recommendations for catch-up MMR vaccination in individuals 30 years of age or younger.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Antibodies against measles and rubella virus among different age groups in Thailand: A population-based serological survey

et al. 2019

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“…On the other hand, incomplete vaccine coverage in men in Japan has resulted in persistent rubella outbreaks [ 35–37 ]. Australia is on track for rubella elimination [ 29 , 38 ], but the situation in the Pacific Islands is uncertain, as shown by a cluster of CRS cases in the Solomon Islands [ 39 ]. In Africa, recent introduction of RCV has demonstrated an impact on the incidence of rubella [ 14 ], but the impact on CRS is uncertain [ 40–46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubella Eradication: Not Yet Accomplished, but Entirely Feasible

Plotkin¹

2021

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Rubella virus is the most teratogenic virus known to science and is capable of causing large epidemics. The RA 27/3 rubella vaccine, usually combined with measles vaccine, has eliminated rubella and congenital rubella syndrome from much of the world, notably from the Western Hemisphere. Except in immunosuppressed individuals, it is remarkably safe. Together with rubella vaccine strains used in China and Japan, eradication of the rubella virus is possible, indeed more feasible than eradication of measles or mumps.

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“…The few cases reported later were all imported cases. 11,[15][16][17] The obvious factor associated with the occurrence of CRS is the lack of pre-pregnancy rubella immunity in the mother that reflects a low immunization coverage against rubella. 18,19 In Madagascar, the rubella vaccine is not free of charge because it is not yet part of EPI vaccines.…”

Section: Classification According To Who Criteria According To Clinical and Paraclinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemio-clinical aspects of congenital rubella syndrome in Madagascar

Andriatahina¹,

Ravaoarisoa

Ranivoson³

et al. 2020

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Congenital rubella syndrome is the first congenital defect preventable by vaccination. The purpose of this study was to provide basic information on the extent and epidemiology of congenital rubella syndrome in Madagascar.Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study from January 2013 to May 2019 was conducted in 8 hospitals in 2 provinces of Madagascar, Antananarivo and Toliara. The study included children who attended the services selected during the study period and who had the following conditions: children aged of 0 to 59 months, regardless of vaccination status, meeting the World Health Organization clinical criteria for congenital rubella syndrome with or without biological confirmation.Results: Of the 152,304 cases of children of all ages who visited or were hospitalized during the study period, 112 clinically confirmed cases of congenital rubella syndrome were identified. The age group 0 to 11 months involved 60 children (53.6%). Congenital heart disease was found in 83.0% of cases, mental backwardness in 43.7% and microcephaly in 26.8%. Twenty-three among (20.5%) them died. The death was due to cardiac diseases in 16 children.Conclusions: Findings confirm that the diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome is underestimated in current pediatric practice in Madagascar. The introduction of the rubella vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization and the implementation of an effective and sustainable surveillance system for congenital rubella syndrome in the country is a proved effective tool for the prevention of this disease.

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Australian rubella serosurvey 2012–2013: On track for elimination?

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Antibodies against measles and rubella virus among different age groups in Thailand: A population-based serological survey

Antibodies against measles and rubella virus among different age groups in Thailand: A population-based serological survey

Rubella Eradication: Not Yet Accomplished, but Entirely Feasible

Epidemio-clinical aspects of congenital rubella syndrome in Madagascar

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