Authentication of cocoa in maya vessels using high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques

Hurst, W. Jeffrey; Martin, Robert A.; Tarka, Stanley M.; Hall, Grant D.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)84623-9

Cited by 50 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Theobromine is used as a marker of cacao in organic residues studies of ceramics from Mesoamerica because T. cacao is the only Mesoamerican plant that contains theobromine as the primary methylxanthine. HPLC coupled to MS has previously revealed cacao residues in ceramics vessels from sites in Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras (10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of cacao use in the Prehispanic American Southwest

Crown

Hurst

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

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confidence: 99%

Evidence of cacao use in the Prehispanic American Southwest

Crown

Hurst

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

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“…The extracts are made by using a 3:1 mixture of acetone and water. 21 Approximately 400 mg of ground pottery is added to 5 ml of solution and allowed to sit at room 22 temperature for 72 hours. We previously reported the detailed REMPI spectra of all three molecular markers 44 , identifying 7 unique resonances for the selective ionization of each of the markers.…”

Section: Sample Preparation 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Analysis of Xanthine Stimulants in Archaeological Vessels by Laser Desorption Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization

et al. 2017

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13Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy (REMPI) generates simultaneous 14 vibronic spectroscopy and fragment free mass spectrometry to identify molecules within a 15 complex matrix. We combined laser desorption with REMPI spectroscopy to study organic 16 residues within pottery sherds from Maya vessels (600-900 CE) and Missisippian Mississippian 17 vessels (1100-1200 CE), successfully detecting three molecular markers, caffeine, theobromine 18 and theophylline, associated with the use of cacao. This analytical approach provides a high 19 molecular specificity, based on both wavelength and mass identification. At the same time, the 20 high detection limit allows for direct laser desorption from sherd scrapings, avoiding the need for 21 extracting organic constituents from the sherd matrix. 22 23

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“…Other biomarkers are present in a limited group of potential sources and can be used to identify specific foods in the presence of corroborating archaeological evidence. Examples of this type of biomarkers are tartaric acid in fruit, which can be attributed to wine [3,52], or theobromine and caffeine, which can be attributed to chocolate [36,42,43]. Biomarkers unique to a specific foodstuff are rarer, and knowledge of them at present is largely confined to tree resins and substances such as nicotine in tobacco [4,3,14,21,22,33,36,[41][42][43]53].…”

Section: Absorbed Organic Residue Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%