Authentication of European sea bass according to production method and geographical origin by light stable isotope ratio and rare earth elements analyses combined with chemometrics

Abstract

In this work, stable isotope ratio (SIR) and rare earth elements (REEs) analyses, combined with multivariate data elaboration, were used to explore the possibility to authenticate European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) according to: i) production method (wild or farmed specimens); ii) geographical origin (Western, Central or Eastern Mediterranean Sea). The dataset under investigation included a total of 144 wild and farmed specimens coming from 17 different European areas located in the Mediterranean Sea basin. Samples were subjected to SIR analysis (carbon and nitrogen) and REEs analysis (lanthanum, europium, holmium, erbium, lutetium, and terbium). Then, Analytical data were handled by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and then by Orthogonal Partial Last Square Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), to obtain functional classification models to qualitatively discriminate sea bass according to the conditions under study. OPLSDA models provided good correct classification rate both for production method and geographical origin. It was confirmed that chemometric elaboration of data obtained from SIR and REEs analyses can be a suitable tool for an accurate authentication of European sea bass.

Advances in Troubleshooting Fish and Seafood Authentication by Inorganic Elemental Composition

“…The possibility of using rare earth elemental profile and/or light stable isotope ratios to identify fish production methods was also recently investigated for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) samples [ 62 ]. In this case, the concentrations of lanthanum, europium, holmium, erbium, lutetium, and terbium elaborated by PCA and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) did not impact the differentiation of wild from farmed specimens in contrast to light isotope ratios of carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N), which had a higher influence.…”

“…However, the authors verified that holmium and lanthanum, due to their natural variability in the marine environment, had a significant influence on the discrimination of the same samples by geographic origin. As a matter of fact, almost 89% of unlabeled samples from three different fishing areas in the Mediterranean Sea (used to test the validity of the developed model) were correctly discriminated [ 62 ].…”

Geographical and Varietal Traceability of Chinese Jujubes Based on Physical and Nutritional Characteristics

“…PCA, partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were conducted using SIMCA 14.1, (UMetrics AB, Umeå, Sweden) to cluster and distinguish samples in different categories. The goodness of fit in discriminant analysis was measured by the statistical parameter of R 2 [15]. A total of 23 Chinese jujube samples were used as training sets and 13 samples as testing sets to verify the accuracy of the established OPLS-DA model.…”

Geographical Origin Authentication of Agri-Food Products: A Review

“…In the category of 'oils': olive oil [22][23][24]. Other categories of 'seafood': scallops [25], eel [26], sea bass [27], clams [28], 'honey': thyme honeys [29], pine, and thyme honeys [30], commercial honey [31], [32] 'meat': [33], lamb (South Africa) [34], 'milk and dairy products': milk and cheese from buffalo [35], sheep milk [36] and others [37]. More specific, in the category of 'plant-crops and herbs', which is the category with the largest number of publications, there were articles with various analytical techniques for geographical origin authentication.…”