Author response: A consensus guide to capturing the ability to inhibit actions and impulsive behaviors in the stop-signal task

Verbruggen, Frederick; Aron, Adam R.; Band, Guido P. H.; Beste, Christian; Bissett, Patrick G.; Brockett, Adam T.; Brown, Joshua W.; Chamberlain, Samuel R.; Chambers, Christopher D.; Colonius, Hans; Colzato, Lorenza S.; Coxon, James P.; Dupuis, Annie; Eagle, Dawn M.; Garavan, Hugh; Greenhouse, Ian; Heathcote, Andrew; Huster, René J.; Jahfari, Sara; Kenemans, J. Leon; Leunissen, Inge; Li, Chiang‐Shan R.; Logan, Gordon D.; Matzke, Dora; Morein‐Zamir, Sharon; Murthy, Aditya; Paré, Martin; Poldrack, Russell A.; Ridderinkhof, K. Richard; Robbins, Trevor W.; Roesch, Matthew R.; Rubia, Katya; Schachar, Russell; Schall, Jeffrey D.; Stock, Ann‐Kathrin; Swann, Nicole C.; Thakkar, Katharine N.; Molen, Maurits W. van der; Vermeylen, Luc; Vink, Matthijs; Wessel, Jan R; Whelan, Robert; Zandbelt, Bram B.; Boehler, C. Nico

doi:10.7554/elife.46323.027

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The SSRT, calculated as the "CG-SSD" RT, was defined as the time for the subject to successfully inhibit responses to the Stop trial (Verbruggen et al, 2008(Verbruggen et al, , 2019. The PES, measured by the RT of ["CG following US"-"CG preceding US"], was defined as the adaptive slowing of responses after making an error (Dutilh et al, 2012).…”

Section: Analysis Of the Ssrt And Pes Behavioral Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SST has been extensively used to measure the ability to stop initiated movements and to estimate the covert response-inhibition latency as the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT). Specifically, a longer SSRT indicates that an individual needs more time to inhibit their motor responses (Band et al, 2003;Verbruggen et al, 2008Verbruggen et al, , 2019. However, no study has investigated the effects of trait anxiety on the SSRT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Trait Anxiety on Error Processing and Post-error Adjustments: An Event-Related Potential Study With Stop-Signal Task

Hsieh

Lin

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The present study aimed to use event-related potentials with the stop-signal task to investigate the effects of trait anxiety on inhibitory control, error monitoring, and post-error adjustments. The stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) was used to evaluate the behavioral competence of inhibitory control. Electrophysiological signals of error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) were used to study error perception and error awareness, respectively. Post-error slowing (PES) was applied to examine the behavioral adjustments after making errors. The results showed that SSRT and PES did not differ significantly between individuals with high trait anxiety (HTA) and those with low trait anxiety (LTA). However, individuals with HTA demonstrated reduced ERN amplitudes and prolonged Pe latencies than those with LTA. Prolonged Pe latencies were also significantly associated with poorer post-error adjustments. In conclusion, HTA led to reduced cortical responses to error monitoring. Furthermore, inefficient conscious awareness of errors might lead to maladaptive post-error adjustments.

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Section: Analysis Of the Ssrt And Pes Behavioral Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Trait Anxiety on Error Processing and Post-error Adjustments: An Event-Related Potential Study With Stop-Signal Task

Hsieh

Lin

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Means and standard deviations were extracted for each participant for the following behavioral The SSRT was calculated using the integration method with replacement of Go omissions by the maximum RT (Verbruggen et al, 2019). All Go trials were included in the Go RT distribution, including Go trials with choice errors.…”

Section: Behavioral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Stop Signal Task (SST) measures this cognitive process (Logan & Cowan, 1984) by requiring the participant to cancel an already initiated motor response following an infrequent Stop cue. The Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT) is an estimation of the covert latency of the action cancellation process (Verbruggen et al, 2019). Despite the important role of the Beta rhythm in inhibitory control and the large body of evidence of involvement of rIFC, neurofeedback training of the Beta rhythm in the past has predominantly targeted sensorimotor areas (e.g., Boulay et al, 2011;Vernon et al, 2003;Witte et al, 2013) and no study to date has targeted solely the Beta rhythm over the rIFC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-regulation of the brain’s right frontal Beta rhythm using a brain-computer interface

Enz

Schmidt

Nolan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Neural oscillations, or brain rhythms, fluctuate in a manner reflecting ongoing behavior. Whether these fluctuations are instrumental or epiphenomenal to the behavior remains elusive. Attempts to experimentally manipulate neural oscillations exogenously using non-invasive brain stimulation have shown some promise, but difficulty with tailoring stimulation parameters to individuals has hindered progress in this field. We demonstrate here using electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback in a brain-computer interface that human participants (n=44) learned over multiple sessions across a 6-day period to self-regulate their Beta rhythm (13-20 Hz) over the right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC). This Beta modulation had observable consequences on cognitive behavior: changes in an individual's inhibitory control performance before and after training were predicted by the magnitude of their training-related change in Beta over rIFC. This was not the case for a control group (n=38) who underwent training of their Alpha rhythm (8-12 Hz). The present data support the view that the right frontal Beta rhythm is a key component of the brain's inhibitory control system. Most importantly, we introduce causality to this relationship for the first time, as experimental modulation of rIFC Beta activity had a measurable impact upon behavior.

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A Cautionary Note on Evidence-Accumulation Models of Response Inhibition in the Stop-Signal Paradigm

2020

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The stop-signal paradigm is a popular procedure to investigate response inhibition-the ability to stop ongoing responses. It consists of a choice response time (RT) task that is occasionally interrupted by a stop stimulus signaling participants to withhold their response. Performance in the stop-signal paradigm is often formalized as race between a set of go runners triggered by the choice stimulus and a stop runner triggered by the stop signal. We investigated whether evidence-accumulation processes, which have been widely used in choice RT analysis, can serve as the runners in the stop-signal race model and support the estimation of psychologically meaningful parameters. We examined two types of the evidence-accumulation architectures: the racing Wald model (Logan et al. 2014) and a novel proposal based on the lognormal race (Heathcote and Love 2012). Using a series of simulation studies and fits to empirical data, we found that these models are not measurement models in the sense that the datagenerating parameters cannot be recovered in realistic experimental designs.

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Author response: A consensus guide to capturing the ability to inhibit actions and impulsive behaviors in the stop-signal task

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Trait Anxiety on Error Processing and Post-error Adjustments: An Event-Related Potential Study With Stop-Signal Task

Effects of Trait Anxiety on Error Processing and Post-error Adjustments: An Event-Related Potential Study With Stop-Signal Task

Self-regulation of the brain’s right frontal Beta rhythm using a brain-computer interface

A Cautionary Note on Evidence-Accumulation Models of Response Inhibition in the Stop-Signal Paradigm

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