Authors’ reply to the Letters to the Editor of T. Smoljanovic et al. concerning “An update on bone substitutes for spinal fusion”, Eur Spine J (2009) 18:783–799 by M. Miyazaki et al.

Miyazaki, Masashi; Tsumura, Hiroshi; Wang, Jeffrey C.; Alanay, Ahmet

doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1413-y

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We can therefore connect the color and luminosity in V-rest of the galaxy with the average age of the stellar population and its metallicity. There may be some wrong identification of OGs among our galaxies selected with the color method for the ECDFS sample (Miyazaki et al 2003 andFang et al 2009 estimate it to be ∼ 25%), and consequently there may be some case of dusty galaxies among our ECDFS sample, but the statistical comparison with the SED fitting method of the Miyazaki et al sample in Fig. 1 shows that there are neither significant differences nor systematic effects with redshift.…”

Section: Color (B − V ) At Restmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…2. Miyazaki et al (2003) give photometry in eight filters: B, V, R, i', z', J, H, K s from Subaru/XMM-Newton+UH2.2m. Their sample of EROs-OGs was selected using (R − K) AB > 3.35 (EROs), and within these sources, by means of spectrum fitting, as OGs without extinction with a fraction of old population f old ≤ 0.95.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculations for the sample ECDFS have already been carried out by Taylor et al (2009a). The calculation for Miyazaki et al (2003) was carried out by us with the Interrest v2.0 software, by changing to the Subaru filters. In this paper, we do the calculations only with a pair of filters at rest (Johnson B and V), applying the correction to convert AB into the Vega calibration: (Frei & Gunn 1994).…”

Section: Color (B − V ) At Restmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However some red galaxies were probably missed in that analysis. As a matter of fact, if we take the subsample of old elliptical galaxies without extinction (f old ≥ 0.95) with 2 < z < 3 from Miyazaki et al (2003) (N = 12 galaxies) we find that all of them have 2.5 < (m 1700Å − m B ) rest < 4.5 with an average of 3.6. Miyazaki et al's galaxies are much redder than Dickinson et al's, which shows that the Dickinson et al (2003) sample does not contain the reddest galaxies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Intrinsic Colors and Ages of Extremely Red Elliptical Galaxies at High Redshift

López-Corredoira¹

2010

The Astronomical Journal

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In order to know the formation epoch of the oldest elliptical galaxies as a function of mass and observed redshift, a statistical analysis for 333 extremely red objects (EROs) classified as old galaxies (OGs) at 0.8 ≤ z ≤ 2.3 is carried out. Once we get M V and (B−V ) at rest for each galaxy, we calculate the average variation of this intrinsic color with redshift and derive the average age through a synthesis model (the code for the calculation of the age has been made publicly available). The average gradient of the (B − V ) color at rest of EROs/OGs is 0.07-0.10 Gyr −1 for a fixed luminosity. The stars in these extremely red elliptical galaxies were formed when the Universe was ∼ 2 Gyr old on average. We have not found a significant enough dependence on the observed redshift and stellar mass: dt formation dt observed = −0.46 ± 0.32 , dt formation d log 10 M * = −0.81 ± 0.98 Gyr. This fits a scenario in which the stellar formation of the objects that we denominate as EROs-OGs is more intense at higher redshifts, at which the stellar populations of the most massive galaxies form earlier than or at the same time as less massive galaxies.

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Section: Color (B − V ) At Restmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Color (B − V ) At Restmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Intrinsic Colors and Ages of Extremely Red Elliptical Galaxies at High Redshift

López-Corredoira¹

2010

The Astronomical Journal

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“…Generating spin-polarized current is one of the main concerns of spintronics [1][2][3]. Recently obtained large magneto-resistance in spin valves and magnetic tunnel junctions has inspired development of spin-based diodes and transistors [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A graphene spin diode based on Rashba SOI

Mohammadpour

2015

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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Classification of extremely red objects in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field

Fang

Kong

Wang

2009

Res. Astron. Astrophys.

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In this paper we present a quantitative study of the classification of Extremely Red Objects (EROs). The analysis is based on the multi-band spatial-and ground-based observations (HST/ACS-BV iz, HST/NICMOS-JH, VLT-JHK) in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF). Over a total sky area of 5.50 arcmin 2 in the UDF, we select 24 EROs with the color criterion (i − K) Vega > 3.9, corresponding to (I − K) Vega > ∼ 4.0, down to K Vega = 22. We develop four methods to classify EROs into Old passively evolving Galaxies (OGs) and Dusty star-forming Galaxies (DGs), including (i − K) vs. (J − K) color diagram, spectral energy distribution fitting method, Spitzer MIPS 24 µm image matching, and nonparametric measure of galaxy morphology, and found that the classification results from these methods agree well. Using these four classification methods, we classify our EROs sample into 6 OGs and 8 DGs to K Vega < 20.5, and 8 OGs and 16 DGs to K Vega < 22, respectively. The fraction of DGs increases from 8/14 at K Vega < 20.5 to 16/24 at K Vega < 22. To study the morphology of galaxies with its wavelength, we measure the central concentration and the Gini coefficient for the 24 EROs in our sample in HST/ACS-i, z and HST/NICMOS-J, H bands. We find that the morphological parameters of galaxies in our sample depend on the wavelength of observation, which suggests that caution is necessary when comparing single wavelength band images of galaxies at a variety of redshifts.

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Authors’ reply to the Letters to the Editor of T. Smoljanovic et al. concerning “An update on bone substitutes for spinal fusion”, Eur Spine J (2009) 18:783–799 by M. Miyazaki et al.

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Intrinsic Colors and Ages of Extremely Red Elliptical Galaxies at High Redshift

Intrinsic Colors and Ages of Extremely Red Elliptical Galaxies at High Redshift

A graphene spin diode based on Rashba SOI

Classification of extremely red objects in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field

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