Authorship Gender Composition in the Ophthalmology Literature from 2015 to 2019

Kalavar, Meghana; Watane, Arjun; Balaji, Navin C.; Cavuoto, Kara M.; Vanner, Elizabeth A.; Kuriyan, Ajay E.; Haller, Julia A.; Sridhar, Jayanth

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.032

Cited by 34 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…(33) Moreover, while female authorship in ophthalmology is improving, female authors represented only 32% of those publishing articles in ophthalmology between 2015 and 2019, with men publishing more articles per person over the same time period. (34) This same study suggested that authors are more likely to collaborate with individuals of the same gender, as female rst authors in their study were more likely to have a female last author and vice versa. (34,35) This association further emphasizes the need for female leaders to contribute to the recruitment, training, and advancement of female ophthalmologists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…(34) This same study suggested that authors are more likely to collaborate with individuals of the same gender, as female rst authors in their study were more likely to have a female last author and vice versa. (34,35) This association further emphasizes the need for female leaders to contribute to the recruitment, training, and advancement of female ophthalmologists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Ophthalmology Education Leadership Attitudes Towards Gender-specific Mentorship

Paul

Dweck

Chadha

2021

Preprint

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Background:Despite relatively equal gender representation among US medical students, a gender gap exists in female representation within academic medicine. Numerous studies have emphasized the influence of gender-specific mentors in medical students' career decisions, but this has not been explored fully in ophthalmology. Therefore, this study evaluated ophthalmology educators’ attitudes towards gender-specific mentorship, to better understand how this relates to medical students’ decision to enter the field and their career development.Methods:A 22-question survey was sent to AUPO Department Chairs, Residency Program Directors, and Medical Student Educators. Additionally, the gender breakdown of current AUPO members was determined through a review of the AUPO membership directory. The authors also compared the number of female students applying to ophthalmology residency with the number of female ophthalmology faculty using AUPO and AAMC workforce data. Student’s t-tests and chi square were used for analysis.Results:75 members responded (23.7%), including 17 of 135 Chairs (12.6%), 34 of 114 PDs (29.8%), and 30 of 72 MSEs (41.7%). Of AUPO members, 85.2% of Chairs, 67.5% of Program Directors, and 43% of MSEs are male. Of respondents, 55.4% identified as female and 44.6% as male.Male and female members had 47.9% and 47.6% female mentees, respectively, (p=0.451). However, 21.2% of male and 56.1% of female members agreed that a mentee of the same gender was important, (p<0.01). Furthermore, 13 of 40 female members (32.5%) reported having a significant female mentor themselves vs. 1 of 29 male members (3%), (p<0.05).Conclusions:Male and female AUPO members reported no difference in the ratio of female mentees. However, female members were more likely to feel gender-specific mentorship was important, suggesting room for further development of this resource. Expansion of gender-specific mentorship in ophthalmology can promote equity in training and help address the lack of female representation in academic leadership.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Ophthalmology Education Leadership Attitudes Towards Gender-specific Mentorship

Paul

Dweck

Chadha

2021

Preprint

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“…A cut-off of 90% certainty will be used, and any individual whose gender cannot be determined with certainty equal to or greater than 90% will have their gender verified via an exhaustive Google search. 9 If the gender cannot be determined after the above-mentioned steps, the editorial member will be denoted to have an unknown gender. The designation of ophthalmologist versus non-ophthalmologist, as well as any academic degrees including Doctor of Medicine (MD), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and any non-MD or PhD degrees will be collected via the journal website profiles or institutional affiliation profiles.…”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If no profiles are available, gender will be defined using an application programming interface (https://gender-api.com) which generates a percentage value indicating the certainty of the gender determined by the first name. A cut-off of 90% certainty will be used, and any individual whose gender cannot be determined with certainty equal to or greater than 90% will have their gender verified via an exhaustive Google search 9. If the gender cannot be determined after the above-mentioned steps, the editorial member will be denoted to have an unknown gender.…”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Representation of women on editorial boards of ophthalmology journals: protocol for a cross-sectional study

Park

Xue

Xue³

et al. 2022

BMJ Open

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IntroductionThere is a notable under-representation of women in leadership positions in ophthalmology despite the increasing number of women as ophthalmologists. Gender inequality in editorial boards of ophthalmology journals has not been investigated on a global scale. This study will aim to evaluate the representation of women as editorial board members in ophthalmology journals across different regions, journal subspecialties and impact factors.Methods and analysisThis will be a cross-sectional study describing the gender composition of editorial boards in ophthalmology journals globally. Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory and SCImago Journal & Country Rank will be used to comprehensively identify journals indexed with the keyword, ‘ophthalmology’. All journals with active websites and lists of editorial boards will be included. Journals will be categorised according to the World Bank’s 2021 classification of countries by income and region, and classified into ophthalmology subspecialties based on publication scope. Impact factors will be obtained from Journal Citation Reports. The gender and academic degrees of each editorial board member will be determined based on journal profiles, institutional websites or name query feature on an online interface. The research impact of each editorial board member will be ascertained from the author records on Web of Science. The gender proportion will be presented for all journals combined, and then for journals grouped by regions, subspecialties and impact factors. Editorial board member characteristics including academic degrees and research productivity measures will be compared between men and women. These comparisons will be made using the χ2 test for categorical variables and the independent samples t-test for continuous variables.Ethics and disseminationThis study did not require research ethics approval given the use of publicly available data and lack of human subjects. The results will be presented at scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.

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“…An evaluation of trends in authorship in ophthalmology journals over the past 18 years has shown that women on average publish fewer articles than men, although there has been a steady increase in the proportion of female first and last authorship in recent years. [164][165][166] Editor-in-chief and society president positions in ophthalmology are predominantly held by males. 167 The proportion of women presenting at ophthalmology conferences between 2015 and 2017 exceeded the estimates of female ophthalmologists, especially for general conferences.…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Career Decisions and Satisfaction Among Newly Practicing Ophthalmologists

Gedde

Feuer

Crane

et al. 2022

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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Authorship Gender Composition in the Ophthalmology Literature from 2015 to 2019

Cited by 34 publications

References 6 publications

Ophthalmology Education Leadership Attitudes Towards Gender-specific Mentorship

Ophthalmology Education Leadership Attitudes Towards Gender-specific Mentorship

Representation of women on editorial boards of ophthalmology journals: protocol for a cross-sectional study

Factors Influencing Career Decisions and Satisfaction Among Newly Practicing Ophthalmologists

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