Auto-catalytic high-performance recyclable carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites mediated by neighboring group participation

Zhao, Zihan; Wu, Jianqiao; Gao, Liang; Gong, Haojie; Guo, Zhongkai; Zhang, Baoyan; Li, Min-Hui; Hu, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.107160

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Specifically, ILSS of BMI‐EP/CF and BMP‐EP/CF reached up to 78.6 ± 3.7 and 72.6 ± 3.5 MPa compared with that of DGEBA‐EP/CF, with an increase of 23.8% and 14.3%, respectively, this improvement was mainly attributed to the good processability and affinity of between the matrices and CF. In fact, as presented in Figure 5C, Table S6, BMP‐EP/CF possessed the better mechanical properties than analogous recyclable fiber‐reinforced epoxy thermosets composites, 13,19,22,41,57–60 and other systems through the interfacial modification 61–64 reported in previous studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Phosphonate‐influenced Diels‐Alder chemistry toward multi‐path recyclable, fire safe thermoset and its carbon fiber composites

Lü

et al. 2023

EcoMat

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Dynamic covalent chemistry offers a solution to tackle the recycling issue of epoxy resins (EPs) and their carbon fiber‐reinforced composites; however, the vulnerability to creep associated with the inflammable nature of the EPs are the key obstacles for their applications. Herein, we propose a feasible and facile strategy to overcome these obstacles by incorporating phosphorus‐influenced Diels‐Alder (DA) chemistry to construct dynamic epoxy networks. In the strategy, the electron‐withdrawing phosphonate in the dienophile maleimide greatly promotes the thermal stability of the DA reaction, exhibiting excellent creep resistance, repairability, and malleability; while its flame‐retardant activity improves the fire safety of the resultant thermosets. Meanwhile, nondestructive recycling of carbon fiber is achieved. The ease with which EP and its composites can be manufactured, used, recycled and re‐used–without losing service performance–points to new orientation in sustainable composites.image

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Phosphonate‐influenced Diels‐Alder chemistry toward multi‐path recyclable, fire safe thermoset and its carbon fiber composites

Lü

et al. 2023

EcoMat

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“…(e) The ILSS strain curves of CFRPs. (f) Comparison of properties of BOB-DDS-4 and BOB/CF-3 with materials reported in the published literature. ,− …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradable Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites Based on Dynamic Benzyl Ether Bonds

Zhang,

Cai,

Jian

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Epoxy-based carbon fiber composites have been increasingly applied in aerospace, transportation, sports goods, electronic fields, etc. The recycling and reuse of epoxy composite becomes an environmental issue and remains a challenge due to the permanent cross-linked network structure of epoxy. Developing epoxy resins with covalent adaptive network structures by incorporation of dynamic covalent bonds provides an opportunity to overcome this challenge. In this study, we develop a kind of novel epoxy monomer containing a dynamic benzyl ether bond, which further reacts with commercial amine-curing reagents to obtain epoxy thermosets. The dynamic epoxy thermosets can degrade at 190 °C in benzyl alcohol under the catalysis of aluminum chloride within 3 h, which is ascribed to the dynamic bond-exchange reaction between benzyl ether bond and benzyl alcohol. The optimized epoxy thermoset exhibits a glass transition temperature of 167 °C, a tensile strength of 91.8 MPa, and Young's modulus of 2.2 GPa. Furthermore, based on the epoxy resin containing a benzyl ether bond, the carbon fiber-reinforced composites are fabricated by applying a solvent-free hand lay-up process. The as-fabricated composite possesses a tensile strength of 725 MPa and Young's modulus of 27 GPa. Notably, the interlaminar shear strength reaches ∼62 MPa, which is ∼19% higher than that of the control sample made using the conventional bisphenol A epoxy resin. The degradability of the epoxy matrix realizes the nondestructive recovery of the carbon fibers from the composite wastes.

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“…Note that this degradation strategy using external catalysts for epoxy networks is simple yet efficient. In our previous work, internal catalysts were not encouraged in epoxy vitrimers because of their influence on the curing process and networks' performance, and different methods were proposed to improve and regulate the dynamic networks, such as increasing the concentration of hydroxyl groups in networks (Wu et al, 2021), designing multiple dynamic covalent bonds (Gong et al, 2022), and mediating neighboring group participation (Zhao et al, 2022). However, the methods proposed here are much more straightforward and universal.…”

Section: Degradation Of Dgeac/mhhpa Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our group has improved glass transition temperature (T g ) and stress relaxation rate simultaneously by using natural glycyrrhizic acid in epoxy vitrimers, in which the large amounts of hydroxyl groups and the small distances between reaction groups lead to a significant increase of TERs (Wu et al, 2021). Another typical example in our recent work is that neighboring group participation during TERs could enhance the reaction rate, while the auto-catalytic highperformance epoxy matrix is prepared (Zhao et al, 2022). The networks could be completely degraded in EG at 190 °C within 40 h. Although the works discussed above focused on the internal design of dynamic epoxy networks, they also establish an important fact: the rising TERs rate benefits dynamic properties such as the ready chemical degradation of cross-linked networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To radically resolve this problem, dynamic epoxy networks have been developed in recent years (Montarnal et al, 2011;Denissen et al, 2016;Ruiz de Luzuriaga et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2021;Zhao et al, 2022). These epoxy-amine, epoxy-anhydride, or epoxy-acid systems have dynamic covalent networks formed by ester bonds (Montarnal et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2022), imine bonds (Wang et al, 2019a), acetal bonds (Ma et al, 2019), or bisulfide bonds (Ruiz de Luzuriaga et al, 2016), all of which could be chemically degraded by bond-exchange reactions. If such epoxy systems were used as a matrix to design CFRPs, the CFs could be recycled readily (Wang et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy with 100% fiber recycling by transesterification reactions

Pan

Ruan

et al. 2022

Front. Mater.

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Carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced epoxy is the most commonly used advanced composite with high performance. However, these composites usually face intractable disposal problems in their lifecycles, due to the stable cross-linked network structures of epoxy. To address this dilemma, this work proposes a facile yet efficient strategy for recycling carbon fibers from traditional carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites using epoxy–anhydride systems as a matrix. Diglycidyl ester of aliphatic cyclo (DGEAC) and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) were used as matrix, while T300 woven carbon fiber was used as reinforcement, to construct the composites CF/DGEAC/MHHPA. The epoxy matrix exhibited a high glass transition temperature (Tg = 126°C), high decomposition temperature (Td5 = 300°C), and good solvent resistance. By using 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) as a catalyst, the DGEAC/MHHPA networks could be degraded completely in ethylene glycol (EG) at 180°C within 6 h because of transesterification reactions between EG and the networks. Taking advantage of this result, a fiber recycling process was developed for carbon fiber composites, where the cross-linked networks of epoxy could be degraded with 100% carbon fiber recycling. Furthermore, the recycled carbon fiber maintained nearly 100% similarity in surface microscopic morphology and chemical structure compared with virgin carbon fiber. This work proposes a simple and efficient strategy for recycling carbon fiber from traditional high-performance composites, offering a convenient concept for the cyclic utilization of advanced composites.

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Auto-catalytic high-performance recyclable carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites mediated by neighboring group participation

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Phosphonate‐influenced Diels‐Alder chemistry toward multi‐path recyclable, fire safe thermoset and its carbon fiber composites

Phosphonate‐influenced Diels‐Alder chemistry toward multi‐path recyclable, fire safe thermoset and its carbon fiber composites

Degradable Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites Based on Dynamic Benzyl Ether Bonds

Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy with 100% fiber recycling by transesterification reactions

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