Autobiographical memory in suicide attempters.

Williams, James; Broadbent, Keith

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.95.2.144

Cited by 1,186 publications

(1,297 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…analytical condition). An autobiographical memory test (Williams & Broadbent, 1986) was administered before and after the attention focus manipulation. This memory test asks participants to produce a specific personal memory in response to positive and negative cue words.…”

Section: Causal Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in depression

Everaert

Koster

Derakshan

2012

Clinical Psychology Review

273

179

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Drawing from substantial evidence demonstrating cognitive biases in depression at various stages of information processing (i.e., attention, interpretation, memory, cognitive control), we argue for an approach that considers the interplay among these processes. This paper attempts to apply the combined cognitive bias hypothesis (Hirsch, Mathews, & Clark, 2006) to depression research and reviews competing theoretical frameworks that have guided research in this area. We draw on current findings from behavioral studies on the interplay between depression-related processing biases. These data indicate that various cognitive biases are associated. However, it is not clear whether single or multiple biases are most predictive of depressive symptoms. We conclude this article with theoretical and clinical implications of the current state of research in this field and propose a number of ways in which research on the combined cognitive bias hypothesis can be advanced. A State-of-the-art Major depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder that is associated with debilitating symptomatic suffering, functional impairments, and high societal costs (Kessler & Wang, 2009). Notwithstanding a range of well-established psychological and pharmacological interventions, relapse and recurrence rates of depression remain high (Vittengl, Clark, Dunn, & Jarrett, 2007) indicating that current therapies do not sufficiently address vulnerability factors for this burdensome disorder. Moreover, with each successive depressive episode the risk for recurrence increases (Boland & Keller, 2009), which points to an expanding vulnerability with multiple episodes. Hence, profound insight into the mechanisms involved in the etiology and maintenance of major depression seems essential in improving contemporary treatment options and the prevention of depression.In the past three decades, research inspired by cognitive accounts of depression has been successful in identifying vulnerability factors for this disorder. Apart from substantial research examining depressive cognitive content as a vulnerability factor (e.g., negative thoughts), a promising line of research highlights the role of cognitive biases in the development, maintenance, and relapse/recurrence of depression (for reviews see Mathews & MacLeod, 2005). Research efforts in this particular area of interest have typically focused on abnormalities in attention, interpretation, and memory processes, which are considered to be instrumental in the understanding of the processes involved in these cognitive biases. More recently, there is growing interest into cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying cognitive control impairments, which may operate across a variety of cognitive biases. Indeed a substantial number of studies on emotional information processing in depressed samples provide evidence that depression is characterized by attention, interpretation, and memory biases, especially for negative information (see below). COMBINED COGNITIVE BIAS HYPOTHESIS IN DEPRESSION 4This resea...

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Section: Causal Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in depression

Everaert

Koster

Derakshan

2012

Clinical Psychology Review

273

179

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“…In order to collect a speech sample with a structured interview where the interview included both negative and positive emotional speech topics, participants completed a modified version of the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT; Williams & Broadbent, 1986). Participants were given a cue and asked to recall a specific memory that was related to that cue ("Tell me a specific memory about a time you were …").…”

Section: Speech Task and CD Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following research by Docherty and colleagues (e.g., Docherty & Hebert, 1997), participants first talked about a number of neutral topics (e.g., a time they were at a restaurant) to familiarize them with the task and with being tape recorded. Then, participants spoke about six negative memories in a row (sad, angry, clumsy, emotionally hurt, lonely, nervous; with all of these negative terms but sad and nervous being used in the original AMT; Williams & Broadbent, 1986). Then they spoke about six positive memories (happy, successful, safe, interested, pleasantly surprised, content).…”

Section: Speech Task and CD Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication disturbances, working memory, and emotion in people with elevated disorganized schizotypy

Kerns¹,

Becker²

2008

Schizophrenia Research

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This study examined whether people with elevated disorganized schizotypy would differ from control participants on characteristics associated with disorganization symptoms in schizophrenia and also whether disorganized schizotypy was associated with problems processing emotion. People with disorganized schizotypy (n = 32) exhibited greater communication disturbances (CD) than control participants (n = 34) for emotionally negative topics but not for positive topics. In addition, the disorganized group exhibited poorer performance on a working memory task but not on a psychometrically matched verbal intelligence task. In addition, poor working memory was associated with increased CD for negative topics and, after controlling for group differences in working memory, group differences in CD were not significant. Moreover, the disorganized group exhibited greater emotional ambivalence and ambivalence was associated with increased CD in the disorganized group. These results suggest that people with disorganized schizotypy exhibit some similar characteristics to people with schizophrenia who have disorganization symptoms and that disorganized schizotypy is also associated with poor emotion processing.

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“…Event specificity is central to word-cue studies that require participants to describe a discrete event that can be pinpointed in time and space (Crovitz & Schiffman, 1974), and this method has been particularly useful in assessing whether amnesic patients can recall remote specific events (see Kopelman, 1992 for a review). The specific-general dimension is integral to AM questionnaires used for clinical examination (Borrini, Dall"ora, Della Sala, Marinelli & Spinnler, 1989;Kopelman, Wilson & Baddeley, 1989) and the distinction is used extensively to study the phenomenon of overgeneral memory, which is the observation that certain people suffering from affective disorders have difficulty in retrieving specific events (Williams, 1996;Williams, Barnhofer, Crane, Hermans, Raes, Watkins & Dalgleish, 2007;Williams & Broadbent, 1986;Williams & Dritschel, 1992). Often the distinction is applied post hoc to memories produced without constraints and it is a central feature of studies examining the characteristics of self-defining memories (Singer, Rexhaj, & Baddeley, 2007;Singer & Salovey, 1993).…”

Section: The Structural Distinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depressed individuals for example are prone to overgeneral memories (Williams & Broadbent, 1986) while even sub-groups of anxious individuals may differ reliably in the specificity of the memories they retrieve (Wenzel, Pinna & Rubin, 2004). This is not to say that people consciously choose specific or general memories, but simply to caution against the assumption that regrets and memories can easily be distinguished on the basis of agency.…”

Section: One Distinction or Two?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regret as autobiographical memory

Davison

Feeney

2008

Cognitive Psychology

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show abstract

Autobiographical memory in suicide attempters.

Cited by 1,186 publications

References 20 publications

The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in depression

The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in depression

Communication disturbances, working memory, and emotion in people with elevated disorganized schizotypy

Regret as autobiographical memory

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