Autoferry Gemini: a real-time simulation platform for electromagnetic radiation sensors on autonomous ships

Vasstein, Kjetil; Brekke, Edmund; Mester, Rudolf; Eide, Egil

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/929/1/012032

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We used an open-source simulator based on the Gemini platform [16] to test whether volunteer participants perceived an unexpected stimulus during a simulation of remotely controlled, automated ferry operations. Tests were completed from March-June 2022 and are also reported in [17] in the context of factor screening for general supervisory control performance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gorillas on a boat: Inattentional blindness during supervisory control of autonomous vessels

Veitch,

Alsos

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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When focused on a task, unexpected visual stimuli can go by unnoticed. Inattentional blindness may be problematic for supervisory controllers of autonomous vessels, because this role specifically relies on identifying unexpected stimuli in case intervention is needed. In a simulation-based experiment (n=32), we show that 50% of participants did not perceive an unexpected visual stimulus (a gorilla passenger) when assigned the task of supervisory controller for an autonomous ferry. Additionally, eye-tracking showed that 12 of the 16 players who did not report the gorilla in fact gazed directly at it. Results also showed no correlation to skillset (gamer or navigator) nor to vigilance (5- or 30-minute scenarios); they did, however, show positive correlation to multitasking (1 or 3 supervised vessels). We discuss implications for designing work tasks for supervisory control of remotely operated and autonomous vessels.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gorillas on a boat: Inattentional blindness during supervisory control of autonomous vessels

Veitch,

Alsos

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…In such efforts as these, the use of a simulator is crucial, as it enables controlled and repeatable experiments. For this reason, a custom simulator featuring the vessels has been developed in Unity based on the open-source Gemini platform described by [35]. Researchers can build their own traffic scenarios and run trials with participants, varying interface variables and measure the effect on TMR.…”

Section: Shore Control Labmentioning

confidence: 99%

milliAmpere: An Autonomous Ferry Prototype

Brekke

Eide

Eriksen

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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In this paper, we summarize the experiences with the autonomous passenger ferry development prototype milliAmpere, which has been used as a test platform in several research projects at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) since 2017. New algorithms for motion planning, motion control, collision avoidance, docking, multi-target tracking and localization have been developed and verified in full-scale experiments with milliAmpere. The infrastructure surrounding milliAmpere includes several sensor rigs supporting research on multi-sensor fusion and situational awareness, and a shore control lab which can be used to study the interaction between human operators and the autonomous ferry. Building upon the experiences with milliAmpere, the full-scale autonomous ferry milliAmpere2 was recently launched.

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“…An open-source maritime platform named Autoferry Gemini [36] based on Unity game engine is used for the simulations of autonomous ships' navigation scenarios (see Figure 5).…”

Section: Simulation Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation Simulator Platform for Extended Collision Risk of Autonomous Surface Vehicles

Vagale

2022

JMSE

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Autonomous surface vehicles need to be at least as safe as conventional vessels, if not safer, when navigating on waters. With a great deal of navigation algorithms for surface vessels out there, the safety of their produced paths is questionable, and, in most cases, complicated to assess and compare. Hence, this paper proposes a method for extended collision risk assessment for paths generated by autonomous navigation algorithms as follows: (1) static, dynamic, and historic risk factors are calculated; (2) individual risk value is determined using a fuzzy inference system; (3) the extended collision risk assessment (ECRA) score is acquired using a root-mean-square method. Finally, a comparison of the ECRA score of each path determines the path with the lowest risk. The validation results show that the proposed method is able to detect lower/higher risk scenarios and assign an adequate risk value in most cases. Risk reduction for cautious paths varies up to 8.43%, while risk increases for incautious paths—up to 57.98%. The results indicate that the method could be used for navigation algorithm evaluation and comparison with some improvements. This research also reveals several promising future directions and applications of the method.

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Autoferry Gemini: a real-time simulation platform for electromagnetic radiation sensors on autonomous ships

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Gorillas on a boat: Inattentional blindness during supervisory control of autonomous vessels

Gorillas on a boat: Inattentional blindness during supervisory control of autonomous vessels

milliAmpere: An Autonomous Ferry Prototype

Evaluation Simulator Platform for Extended Collision Risk of Autonomous Surface Vehicles

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