Autoimmune hepatitis with history of HCV treatment triggered by COVID-19 vaccination: case report and literature review

Abstract

Although vaccines have been effective against the worldwide pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), some case reports have described autoimmune hepatitis triggered by COVID-19 vaccination. Meanwhile, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to be related to autoimmune diseases. Here, we report a case of autoimmune hepatitis with history of HCV treatment triggered by COVID-19 vaccination. An 82-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for severe liver injury. She had received a COVID-19 vaccination 7 days prior. She had a history of HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals 7 years previously. In her blood data, despite HCV antibody positivity, she was negative for HCV RNA by real-time RT-PCR. Anti-nuclear antibody was positive and IgG was elevated. Interface hepatitis and plasma cell infiltration were confirmed pathologically. She was diagnosed as autoimmune hepatitis and her liver injury quickly improved after initiation of steroid administration. This is a first case report of autoimmune hepatitis with history of HCV treatment triggered by COVID-19 vaccination.

New-onset and relapsed liver diseases following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review

“…The median (IQR) time between the COVID-19 vaccination and time of presentation was 14 (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) days. Seventy-seven, twenty-nine, and twenty-nine of these one hundred-thirty eight cases were reported following Pfizer-BioNTech (eight after the first dose, eight after the second dose and three after the third dose) [6,41,43,68,84,87,99,105,106,112,115,119,120,123,124,127], Moderna (nine after the first dose and three after the second dose) [7,8,80,85,97,99,102,103,107,108,117,126], and Oxford Uni-AstraZeneca (three after the first dose, two after the second dose and one after the third dose) [37,86,99,101,…”

“…Not performed mellitus (n = 15, 10.9%) [102,104,126], hyperlipidaemia (n = 6, 4.3%) [8,84,105,106,115,118], and rheumatoid arthritis (n = 2, 1.4%) [42]. Some of those AIH cases presented with a previous known history of hepatic pathologies [undetermined pre-existing liver disease (n = 12, 8.7%) [126], nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 7, 5.1%) [126], primary biliary cholangitis (n = 5, 3.6%) [41,80,84,115,126], hepatitis C infection (n = 2, 1.4%) [124,126], liver transplant recipient (n = 2, 1.4%) [43,126], hepatitis B infection (n = 1, 0.7%) [120], autoimmune hepatitis (n = 1, 0.7%) [43], jaundice (n = 1, 0.7%) [104], liver cirrhosis (n = 1, 0.7%) [41], or hypertransaminasemia (n = 1, 0.7%) [86]]. or high international normalized ratio (n = 6) [80,84,99,104].…”

Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by COVID-19 vaccination: correspondence

“…1007/ s12328-022-01654-0.) [1]." According to Hasegawa et al, this is the first case report of autoimmune hepatitis with a history of HCV treatment caused by COVID-19 vaccination [1].…”

“…https://doi.org/10.1007/s12328-022-01654-0 .) [ 1 ].” According to Hasegawa et al, this is the first case report of autoimmune hepatitis with a history of HCV treatment caused by COVID-19 vaccination [ 1 ]. Although the COVID-19 vaccine is beneficial, we are all afraid that it may also be harmful.…”

Reply to the Letter to Editor regarding “Autoimmune hepatitis with history of HCV treatment triggered by COVID‑19 vaccination: case report and literature review”

“…We thank the authors for their important comments regarding recent our case report entitled “Autoimmune hepatitis with history of HCV treatment triggered by COVID‑19 vaccination: case report and literature review” [ 1 ]. In our case report, we suggested that history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was one of the risk factors of autoimmune hepatitis triggered by Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccination.…”