Autoimmune thyroid diseases: Etiology, pathogenesis, and dermatologic manifestations

Ai, Julia; Leonhardt, Janie M.; Heymann, Warren R.

doi:10.1067/mjd.2003.257

Cited by 141 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…1 Characterized by thyrotoxicosis, diffuse goiter and the presence of stimulating TSH receptor antibodies, 2 GD develops as a result of a sequence of genetic and environmental events. 3,4 An inherent genetic predisposition, 5 combined with a putative external trigger, such as infection 6 or trauma, results in the activation of thyroidautoreactive CD4 þ T cells which infiltrate the thyroid gland. The thyroid infiltrating T cells activate B cells to secrete TSH receptor stimulating antibodies that induce proliferation of thyrocytes and secretion of excess thyroid hormones, resulting in the classic symptoms of GD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CD40 Kozak sequence polymorphism and susceptibility to antibody-mediated autoimmune conditions: the role of CD40 tissue-specific expression

et al. 2007

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Previously, we and others have demonstrated the association of a C/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), in the Kozak sequence of CD40, with Graves' disease (GD). Here, using an expanded data set of patients, we confirm the association of the CD40 SNP with GD (n ¼ 210, P ¼ 0.002, odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.8). Subset analysis of patients with persistently elevated thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and/or thyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies (Abs), (TPO/Tg Abs), after treatment (n ¼ 126), revealed a significantly stronger association of the SNP with disease (P ¼ 5.2 Â 10 À5 , OR ¼ 2.5) than in GD patients who were thyroid antibodynegative. However, the CD40 SNP was not associated with TPO/Tg Abs in healthy individuals. Next, we tested the CD40 SNP for association with Myasthenia Gravis (MG), which, like GD is an antibody-mediated autoimmune condition. Analysis of 81 MG patients found no association of the SNP with disease. Functional studies revealed significant expression of CD40 mRNA and protein in the thyroid (target tissue in GD) but not in skeletal muscle (target tissue in MG). Combined, our genetic and tissue expression data suggest that the CD40 Kozak SNP is specific for thyroid antibody production involved in the etiology of GD. Increased thyroidal expression of CD40 driven by the SNP may contribute to this disease specificity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CD40 Kozak sequence polymorphism and susceptibility to antibody-mediated autoimmune conditions: the role of CD40 tissue-specific expression

et al. 2007

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“…The effects of hypothyroidism on antioxidants parameters have been investigated in hypothyroid patients with intellectual disability (Ai J. et al, 2003). Antioxidant deficiencies may lead to a failure to effectively combat extrinsic factors (i.e., weather, diet, drugs, and physical exercise) and intrinsic factors (i.e., injuries, weakness, and fatigue involved in oxidative stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to describe the imbalance in the system of antioxidant -prooxidants, the term "oxidative stress" Клінічна тиреоїдологія /Clinical Thyroidology/ has been used in recent years. As a result of its development, the destructive processes, that can be pathogenic factors of the disease, become stronger [4,11,12,15]. The actuation of peroxide oxidation processes (PO), depending on the place of generation, distribution, type of free radicals, duration and strength of their actions, as well as on the redox status of the cell, may have different effects on the cell signaling pathways, transcription factors, and some enzyme proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First of all, it concerns nodular goiters and tumors, autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) with nodule formation [1][2][3]. With an increase in the number of surgically treated patients, the number of cases of postoperative hypothyroidism increases as well [4]. Although using synthetic thyroid hormones solves the problem of compensating the thyroid function, it does not always work [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Нові Підходи До Післяопераційного Лікування Хворих На Вузловий Зоб І Автоімунний Тиреоїдит

Шеремет¹

2021

Mìžnarodnij endokrinologìčnij žurnal

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Актуальність. Оксидантний стрес — багатофакторний процес, що включає численні метаболічні шляхи в клітині. Гормони щитоподібної залози відіграють значну роль у виробництві активних форм кисню за рахунок їх здатності прискорити основний метаболізм і змінювати частоту дихання в мітохондріях. З іншого боку, гормони щитоподібної залози також відрізняються від антиоксидантних механізмів клітин різними шляхами, створюючи тим самим багатоваріантну ситуацію, результат якої тяжко передбачити. Метою даного дослідження було вивчення активності оксидантного та антиоксидантного захисту в крові та тканині щитоподібної залози в пацієнтів із вузловим зобом на тлі автоімунного тиреоїдиту та їх зміни внаслідок застосування альфа-ліпоєвої кислоти в передопераційній підготовці та в післяопераційному періоді. Матеріали та методи. Активність оксидантного та антиоксидантного захисту в крові та тканині щитоподібної залози вивчалась у 80 хворих на вузловий зоб на тлі автоімунного тиреоїдиту в до- та післяопераційному періодах. Результати. У дослідженні було встановлено, що в пацієнтів із вузловим зобом на тлі автоімунного тиреоїдиту спостерігаються активація пероксидації та підвищення функціональної здатності антиоксидантних елементів захисту в крові та тканині щитоподібної залози. Висновки. Включення альфа-ліпоєвої кислоти в комплексне лікування таких хворих сприяє зниженню активності пероксидних процесів, активації антиоксидантних систем захисту та більш швидкому відновленню функції щитоподібної залози.

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“…Anti-TPO antibody has been shown to mediate thyroid cell destruction in vitro. Elevated levels of anti-TPO are seen in more than 90% cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis and about 75% of Graves› disease cases (Ai et al, 2003). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Thyroiditis Among Ionizing Radiation Exposed Workers in Cardiac Catheterization Units.

Sa¹,

Mansour²,

Mm³

et al. 2017

Egypt. J. Occup. Med.

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Introduction: It is well known that ionizing radiation (IR) exposure increases the risk of thyroid cancer; however less is known about its role in development of autoimmune thyroiditis. Aim of work: to investigate the thyroid gland functions, level of anti TPO among interventional cardiology team members searching for an association between the level of their occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and the thyroid gland integrity. Materials and methods: This work was carried out in Cardiac Catheterization Unit in National Heart Institute Center. The study comprised two groups, an exposed group of 47 cardiac catheterization workers (19 physicians, 15 nurses and 13 technicians) and a control group of 47 workers matched with the exposed group as regards age and sex. The studied groups were subjected to a detailed questionnaire, full clinical examinations. laboratory investigations in the form of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) and antithyroxiperoxidase antibodies (anti-TPO). Radiation exposure was monitored by digital dosimeter. Results: Dosimeter readings were higher among physicians followed by nurses and technicians. Statistically significant higher level of serum TSH, anti-TPO along with statistically significant lower levels of T3, were found among the exposed compared to control groups (P<0.05). Significant positive correlation was detected between the level of anti-TPO and TSH (r= 0.876 P<0.001). Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between anti-TPO and each of T3 (r= -0.814 P<0.001) and T4 (r= -0.324 P<0.05). ANOVA and Post Hoc tests showed significantly higher level of anti-TPO with significantly lower levels of T3 among the physicians compared to control group. Conclusion: Autoimmune thyroiditis may be considered as one of the adverse health hazards of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation in cardiac catheterization units. Recommendations: We recommend the regular measurement of thyroid hormone especially TSH and anti-TPO to detect early affection of thyroid gland among radiation exposed workers.

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Autoimmune thyroid diseases: Etiology, pathogenesis, and dermatologic manifestations

Cited by 141 publications

References 110 publications

A CD40 Kozak sequence polymorphism and susceptibility to antibody-mediated autoimmune conditions: the role of CD40 tissue-specific expression

A CD40 Kozak sequence polymorphism and susceptibility to antibody-mediated autoimmune conditions: the role of CD40 tissue-specific expression

Нові Підходи До Післяопераційного Лікування Хворих На Вузловий Зоб І Автоімунний Тиреоїдит

Autoimmune Thyroiditis Among Ionizing Radiation Exposed Workers in Cardiac Catheterization Units.

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