Autologous fat transfer to the cranio-maxillofacial region: Updates and controversies

Targeted Protection of Donor Graft Vasculature Using a Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Increases Survival and Predictability of Autologous Fat Grafts

“…4 Rather, both the safety and efficacy of this technology are often questioned because of inconsistency of practice and outcomes, as noted in the 2009 American Society of Plastic Surgeons Task Force report. [5][6][7]26 We can significantly attribute our inconsistent clinical experience with fat grafting to a lack of knowledge about how fat grafts vascularize. We are intrinsically attuned to the importance of rapid tissue vascularization; our own laboratory 10 and others 3,8,9,[11][12][13][18][19][20][27][28][29] have sought to augment tissue fat graft vascularity through methods of "doping" or "enriching" fat grafts with VEGF-based biological compounds or progenitor/stem cells.…”

“…Although the unpredictability of fat grafting has been observed since the 1800s, 2 our incremental advancements in operative technique [3][4][5][6][7] have only modestly improved clinical outcomes. Practical and reliable methods to improve this clinical technique continue to remain elusive.…”

The treatment of facial asymmetry: Review

“…The main problem lies in the unpredictability of fat resorption and the need for revisionary procedures. 12,13 As an alternative, the use of dermal grafts is more highly recommended, and the outcomes are seemingly more predictable.…”

Orthognathic surgery with or without autologous fat micrograft injection: preliminary report on aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction

“…The autotransplantation of fat micrografts is a wellknown technique in facial aesthetics and reconstructive surgery recontouring. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] However, structural fat micrografting represents a novel application in orthognathic surgery. 4,7,13 The autologous fat micrograft technique is relatively easy to perform, but there is as yet no agreement on the methods that should be used for harvesting, processing, and injecting the fat.…”

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] However, structural fat micrografting represents a novel application in orthognathic surgery. 4,7,13 The autologous fat micrograft technique is relatively easy to perform, but there is as yet no agreement on the methods that should be used for harvesting, processing, and injecting the fat. 9,14,15 Moreover, some disadvantages of the strict usage of Coleman's principles and tools have been revealed recently, such as unpredictable fat resorption, facial contour irregularities, and long-term asymmetries.…”