Autologous platelet rich plasma enhances satellite cells expression of MyoD and exerts angiogenic and antifibrotic effects in experimental rat model of traumatic skeletal muscle injury

Abstract

Introduction: Skeletal muscle injuries comprise the greater part of sports-related injuries. Role of growth factors in healing of injured tissue encouraged the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Aim of the work: We aimed to study the effect of PRP on skeletal muscle injury. Materials & Methods: Forty adult male rats were divided into four equal groups; control and 2, 7, 14 days after the injury. The injured muscles were either treated with PRP or left without treatment. The rats were sacrificed and the muscle specimens were processed for histological and immunohistochemical staining for detection of Anti-MyoD, anti-CD34 and anti TGFβ1 followed by morphometric study. Results: PRP treatment induced initial intense inflammatory response with neutrophils and macrophages cell infiltrate subsided in the 7th day. When compared to untreated groups, PRP treated ones showed significant increases in the mean number of regenerating muscle fibers (22.03±4.08) and angiogenesis (10.83±2.46) on the 7th day. The median number of MyoD immunopositive stellate cells showed a significant increase on the 2nd day ,72 (62-78) and then decrease on the 7th day; 28(22-33) to be non significant after 14th days; 4(3-5) of injury. A significant decrease in the mean area % of collagen deposition (2.27±.0.59, 3.68±0.72 and 4.76±0.82) and TGF β1 immunoexpression, medians; 5 (4.20-5.70), 2.50 (2.10-3.50) and 2.30( 1.60-3.20) after 2, 7 and 14 days, respectively, were observed. Conclusions: PRP could exert a promising effect on skeletal muscle injuries via enhancing myogenesis, neovascularization and reduction of fibrosis. Since autologous blood preparations are safe, PRP may serve as a valuable adjunct in management of such injuries.

Effect of snail mucus on angiogenesis during wound healing

“…This process is regulated by a selective apoptosis process that occurs simultaneously with the maturation of new blood vessels. Apoptosis refers to the automatic and programmed death of normal cells [50][51][52] .…”

A Histological Study on Platelet Poor Plasma versus Platelet Rich Plasma in Amelioration of Induced Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats and the Potential Role of Telocyte-like Cells

“…Herein, there was preservation of vasculature; capillaries luminal areas, ECs and pericytes that was confirmed by the significant increase in CD34 positive ECs. Former studies have proved the angiogenesis effect of PRP in different tissues; lung injury [59] and traumatic skeletal muscle injury where a significant increase in CD34 immunopositive ECs lining newly formed capillaries after PRP treatment was found [60] . Blood vessels do not only convey oxygen and nutrients; they also provide informative signals to the surrounding microenvironment, thus, angiogenesis is fundamental in tissue regeneration and its targeting is good policy to regenerate damaged or lost tissues [59] .…”

Evaluation of the impact of platelet rich plasma and hyaluronic acid on ketamine-induced cystitis in albino rats : A histological and immunohistochemical study.

“…Different researches [9,11,13,44] found that PRP has an antifibrotic effect as it contains antifibrotic molecules, growth factors, and serum amyloid protein which could ameliorate the fibrosis. Additionally, PRP treatment increases muscle regeneration by stimulating myogenesis [47,48] . Also, it had antiapoptotic effect by downregulating the expression of apoptotic genes as DAPK1 and BIM mRNA and inhibiting p53, Bax, and caspase-3 levels [9] .…”