Automated Decomposition and Allocation of Automotive Safety Integrity Levels Using Exact Solvers

Murashkin, Alexandr; Azevedo, Luís Silva; Guo, Jianmei; Zulkoski, Edward; Jia, Liang; Czarnecki, Krzysztof; Parker, David

doi:10.4271/2015-01-0156

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Murashkin et el. [23] used three off-the-shelve solvers such as CSP (Constraint Satisfaction Problem) [24], SMT (Satisfiability Modulo Theories) [25], and ILP (Integer Linear Programming) [26] to find the exact solution to the ASILs allocation problem. More specifically, they used Choco CSP [27], Z3 SMT [28], and CPLEX ILP [29] solvers.…”

Section: Exact Approach Using Three State-of-the-art Solversmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed descriptions of how the encoding was done for all the solvers are out of scope of this paper. Interested readers are referred to [23].…”

Section: Exact Approach Using Three State-of-the-art Solversmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Murashkin et el. [23] performed all the experiments on an Ubuntu 12.04LTS 64bit machine with AMD Lisbon CPU 2.8 GHz processor and 32 GB RAM. Based on their experiment, for HBSM 1 (smallest case study), all three solvers produced solutions reasonably quickly.…”

Section: Exact Approach Using Three State-of-the-art Solversmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of the Approaches for Automotive Safety Integrity Levels Allocation

Gheraibia

Kabir

Djafri

et al. 2018

J Fail. Anal. and Preven.

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ISO 26262, titled Road Vehicles-Functional Safety, is the new automotive functional safety standard for passenger vehicle industry. In order to accomplish the goal of designing and developing dependable automotive systems, ISO 26262 uses the concept of Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASILs), the adaptation of Safety Integrity Levels. ASILs are allocated to the components and subsystems that can cause system failure and malfunctions that lead to hazards. ASILs allocation is a hard problem consists of finding the optimal allocation of safety levels to the system architecture which must guarantee that the highest safety requirements are met while development cost of the automotive system is kept minimum. There were many successful attempts to solve this problem using different techniques. However, it is worth pointing out that there is an absence of a review that provides an in-depth study of all the existing methods and highlights their merits and demerits. This paper presents an overview of different approaches that were used to solve ASILs allocation problem. The review provides an overview of safety requirements including the related standards followed by a study of the resolution methods of the existing approaches. The study of each approach provides a detailed explanation of the used methodology and a discussion of its strength and weaknesses including the main open challenges.

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Section: Exact Approach Using Three State-of-the-art Solversmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed descriptions of how the encoding was done for all the solvers are out of scope of this paper. Interested readers are referred to [23].…”

Section: Exact Approach Using Three State-of-the-art Solversmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Overview of the Approaches for Automotive Safety Integrity Levels Allocation

Gheraibia

Kabir

Djafri

et al. 2018

J Fail. Anal. and Preven.

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“…Prototype implementations of the different metaheuristics have been incorporated into experimental versions of the HiP-HOPS tool and even the slowest (genetic algorithms) can find optimal allocations for medium-sized problems in a few seconds. Exhaustive search methods and techniques like integer linear programming have been shown to take longer but with the trade-off that they find a set of solutions that are guaranteed optimal (Murashkin et al, 2015). In all cases, even when the costs are not optimal, the allocations found always meet the overall safety requirements.…”

Section: Fig 2 Iso 26262 V-model Development Process (Iso 2011)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A synthesis of logic and bio-inspired techniques in the design of dependable systems

Papadopoulos

Walker

Parker

et al. 2016

Annual Reviews in Control

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Item Type Article Authors Papadopoulos, Y.; Walker, M.; Parker, D.; Sharvia, S.; Bottaci, L.; Kabir, Sohag; Azevedo, L.; Sorokos, I. Citation Papadopoulos Y, Walker M, Parker D et al (2016) A synthesis of logic and bio-inspired techniques in the design of dependable systems. Annual Reviews in Control. 41: 170-182. RightsAbstract: The technologies of model-based design and dependability analysis in the design of dependable systems, including software intensive systems, have advanced in recent years. Much of this development can be attributed to the application of advances in formal logic and its application to fault forecasting and verification of systems. In parallel, work on bio-inspired technologies has shown potential for the evolutionary design of engineering systems via automated exploration of potentially large design spaces. We have not yet seen the emergence of a design paradigm that effectively combines these two techniques, schematically founded on the two pillars of formal logic and biology, throughout the design lifecycle. Such a design paradigm would apply these techniques synergistically and systematically from the early stages of design to enable optimal refinement of new designs which can be driven effectively by dependability requirements. The paper sketches such a model-centric paradigm for the design of dependable systems that brings these technologies together to realise their combined potential benefits.

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“…Various approaches have been made to provide automated assistance to the problem of ASIL decomposition beginning with an exhaustive deterministic method [3], and including optimization approaches such as linear programming [4], exact solvers [5], penalty-based genetic algorithms [6], and Tabu-search [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Automatic Allocation of Automotive Safety Requirements in Two Modes: Components and Failure Modes

Parker

Godof

Papadopoulos

et al. 2018

SAE Technical Paper Series

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ISO 26262 describes a safety engineering approach in which the safety of a system is considered from the early stages of design through a process of elicitation and allocation of system safety requirements. These are expressed as automotive safety integrity levels (ASILs) at system level and are then progressively allocated to subsystems and components of the system architecture. In recent work, we have demonstrated that this process can be automated using a novel combination of model-based safety analysis and optimization metaheuristics. The approach has been implemented in the HiP-HOPS tool, and it leads to optimal economic decisions on component ASILs. In this paper, first, we discuss this earlier work and demonstrate automatic ASIL decomposition on an automotive example. Secondly, we describe an experiment where we applied two different modes of ASIL decomposition. In HiP-HOPS, it is possible to decompose ASILs either to the safety requirements of components or individual failure modes of components. Protection against independent failure modes could, in theory, be achieved at different ASILs and this will lead to reduced design costs. Although ISO26262 does not explicitly support this option, we have studied the implications of this more refined decomposition on system costs but also on the performance of the decomposition process itself, and we report on the results. Finally, motivated by our study on ASIL decomposition, we discuss the general need for increased automation of safety analysis in complex systems, especially autonomous systems where an infinity of possible operational states and configurations makes manual analysis infeasible.

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Automated Decomposition and Allocation of Automotive Safety Integrity Levels Using Exact Solvers

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

An Overview of the Approaches for Automotive Safety Integrity Levels Allocation

An Overview of the Approaches for Automotive Safety Integrity Levels Allocation

A synthesis of logic and bio-inspired techniques in the design of dependable systems

A Study of Automatic Allocation of Automotive Safety Requirements in Two Modes: Components and Failure Modes

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