Automated fiber placement: A review of history, current technologies, and future paths forward

Brasington, Alex; Sacco, Christopher; Halbritter, Joshua; Wehbe, Roudy; Harik, Ramy

doi:10.1016/j.jcomc.2021.100182

Cited by 75 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Parameter optimization algorithms are either deterministic or stochastic. In the case of stochastic optimization, metaheuristics are generally used . In such cases, other heuristics are guided and modified to solve the optimization problem that can provide better solutions than local optimization algorithms.…”

Section: Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ganglioside-Enriched Phospholipid Vesicles Induce Cooperative Aβ Oligomerization and Membrane Disruption

et al. 2022

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A major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of extracellular aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ). Structural polymorphism observed among Aβ fibrils in AD brains seem to correlate with the clinical subtypes suggesting a link between fibril polymorphism and pathology. Since fibrils emerge from a templated growth of low-molecular-weight oligomers, understanding the factors affecting oligomer generation is important. Membrane lipids are key factors to influence early stages of Aβ aggregation and oligomer generation, which cause membrane disruption. We have previously demonstrated that conformationally discrete Aβ oligomers can be generated by modulating the charge, composition, and chain length of lipids and surfactants. Here, we extend our studies into liposomal models by investigating Aβ oligomerization on large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of total brain extracts (TBE), reconstituted lipid rafts (LRs), or 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC). Varying the vesicle composition by specifically increasing the amount of GM1 gangliosides as a constituent, we found that only GM1-enriched liposomes induce the formation of toxic, low-molecular-weight oligomers. Furthermore, we found that the aggregation on liposome surface and membrane disruption are highly cooperative and sensitive to membrane surface characteristics. Numerical simulations confirm such a cooperativity and reveal that GM1-enriched liposomes form twice as many pores as those formed in the absence GM1. Overall, this study uncovers mechanisms of cooperativity between oligomerization and membrane disruption under controlled lipid compositional bias, and refocuses the significance of the early stages of Aβ aggregation in polymorphism, propagation, and toxicity in AD.

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Section: Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ganglioside-Enriched Phospholipid Vesicles Induce Cooperative Aβ Oligomerization and Membrane Disruption

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant advances in composites manufacturing automation have occurred in recent decades, and automated fiber placement (AFP) systems are at the heart of this progress ( Figure ). [ 1,2 ] To construct high‐performance structural components, an AFP machine automatically dispenses carbon‐fiber pre‐impregnated (prepreg) tows under controlled pressure, temperature, and speed. This process ensures higher quality, reliability, and production rates in manufacturing aerospace‐grade composite parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Roller: Soft Sensor Array for Automated Fiber Placement

Yin

Chen

Bakhshi

et al. 2023

Advanced Sensor Research

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Rollers and wheels are widely used in industry and transportation, but there is seldom direct information about contact forces. A smart roller is introduced which provides real‐time pressure measurements from a soft, elastomer‐coated cylinder. The roller is designed for automated fiber placement (AFP) machines, which are widely used in the aerospace industry to manufacture complex composite parts. For optimum process performance, real‐time feedback is highly desirable for detecting flaws during manufacturing. The sensor replaces the elastomer outer layer of a standard roller with 4 by 13 tactile pixels (taxels) of soft capacitive sensors, which provide more than 1 pF of change in capacitance per taxel over a pressure range of 1 MPa. Sensors are made of silicone and mounted on a flexible printed circuit board on which a microcontroller with Bluetooth‐Low‐Energy collects and transmits capacitance data. The sensor dielectric layer is composed of pillars that increase layer compliance and sensitivity while also providing the stiffness of typical industrial rollers. The ability of the roller to measure real‐time local compaction pressure at typical manufacturing speeds enables the monitoring of spatially‐resolved pressure‐time curves, which can be used to predict and control adhesion.

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“…The AFP process was derived from filament winding and automated tape laying to manufacture more complex and optimized structures. 2 AFP technology is currently being used to manufacture both flat (frames, stringers) and highly contoured (wing skins, fuselage barrels) structures. 3 The process consists of a gantry or robotic system with an attached fiber placement end effector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian optimization for process planning selections in automated fiber placement

Brasington

Halbritter

Wehbe

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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Since the arrival of Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) in the 1980s and 1990s, the manufacturing technique has been progressively improving in quality and reliability of the process and resulting structures. The state-of-the-art of AFP is allowing for the manufacture of structures with increasing geometrical complexity. To adequately manufacture such structures, a large effort in process planning is required to reduce defect occurrence to the best extent possible. Many optimization methodologies have been established for AFP in terms of the design and process parameters. However, limited work has been accomplished in terms of process planning optimization. The work presented in the latter will develop a Bayesian Optimization (BO) technique for the optimization of process planning with the use of the Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) software and its connection with Vericut Composite Programming (VCP). A case study is performed on a doubly curved tool surface and the optimal solution is compared with as-manufactured results for validation. A predictive tool is also developed to rank layup strategies based on defect importance. Results show a substantial improvement in defect occurrence and allow a process planner to immediately see the performance of various layup strategies and starting point combinations.

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Automated fiber placement: A review of history, current technologies, and future paths forward

Cited by 75 publications

References 118 publications

Ganglioside-Enriched Phospholipid Vesicles Induce Cooperative Aβ Oligomerization and Membrane Disruption

Ganglioside-Enriched Phospholipid Vesicles Induce Cooperative Aβ Oligomerization and Membrane Disruption

Smart Roller: Soft Sensor Array for Automated Fiber Placement

Bayesian optimization for process planning selections in automated fiber placement

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