Automated flow injection system for the preconcentration of bismuth and lead from acid solutions of alloys and determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Cloud point extraction spectrophotometric determination of trace quantities of bismuth in urine

“…The disadvantages of liquid-liquid extraction include the use of large volumes of organic solvents. Nevertheless, several other techniques for pre-concentration of Bi have been proposed, including preconcentration using Mg-W cell electrodeposition, 14 preconcentration with sodium di-n-propyl dithiophosphinate and activated carbon in a batch method, flow injection on-line two stage solvent extraction, 15 flow injection on-line sorption preconcentration 16,17 and solid phase extraction. [18][19][20][21][22] When the micellar solution of a nonionic or weakly polar surfactant is heated, the surfactant changes from water soluble to oil soluble.…”

Sequential injection on-line matrix removal and trace metal preconcentration using a PTFE beads packed column as demonstrated for the determination of cadmium by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

“…Similarly, the proposed PTFE beads packed column generates much lower flow resistance with respect to other commonly used sorbent packed columns, where sample loading and elution usually have to be performed in opposite directions in order to alleviate the build-up of back-pressure, as caused by progressively tighter packing of the column material. 23,24 As seen from Table 2, no evidence of resistance was encountered under the experimental conditions used in this study, that is, at a total flow rate of 9.0 ml min 21 through the PTFE beads column, even after long term uni-directional operation.…”

Simultaneous determination of Pb and Cd in seafood by ICP OES with on-line pre-concentration by solid phase extraction with amberlite XAD-4 after complex formation with DDTP

“…Previous works (Da Silva et al 2001;Pozebon et al 1998;Dressler et al 1998;Sella et al 1999;Giacomelli et al 2000;Quináia et al 2001) that used DDTP as the complexing agent successfully employed ethanol as eluent. In order to keep the plasma stable, oxygen gas was introduced together with argon as nebulizer gas, as optimized previously (Dos Santos et al 2007).…”