First and foremost, I would like to express my earnest and deepest gratitude to my PhD supervisor, Professor Cai Wentong, for his remarkable guidance, constant help and support, and lots of caring and patience in the past five years. He is a mentor of a lifetime to me, and I am honored to be his student. I believe that his immense knowledge, passion, and rigorous attitude in research not only help me completing this thesis, but will also influence my career and life in the future. I would like to thank my parents, grandparents, Aunt Qing, Cousin Ruixu, and other family members for their love, encouragements and confidences in me. Especially, I would like to thank my girlfriend, Jingyi. We have been in a long distance relationship for over three years, and she has always been patient and supportive, and looking forward for the reunion. Taking a PhD is not easy. They give me the strength to carry on. I would like to acknowledge the help and support provided by the wonderful professors and staffs in School of Computer Science and Engineering. I appreciate Professor Stephen John Turner for his guidance as my co-supervisor in the first three and half years of my PhD study. I appreciate Professor Tang Xueyan for offering me a research assistant position to support my last year of the study. I have been also learning a lot from him in our weekly meetings. I appreciate Ms. Ng-Goh Siew Lai Irene for her great skills of building the experiment test bed. I also want to express my thanks to Professor Sun Chengzhen, Professor He Bingsheng, Professor Xing Zhenchang, and many other professors for their help in many aspects.