Automated Negotiation for Opportunistic Energy Trading Between Neighbouring Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

As the Internet of Things grows, the number of wireless sensor networks deployed in close proximity will continue to increase. By nature, these networks are limited by the battery supply that determines their lifetime and system utility. To counter such a shortcoming, energy harvesting technologies have become increasingly investigated to provide a perpetual energy source; however, new problems arise as a result of their wide spatio-temporal variation. In this paper, we propose opportunistic energy trading, which enables otherwise independent networks to be sustained by sharing resources. Our goal is to provide a novel cooperation model based on negotiation to solve coordination conflicts between energy harvesting wireless sensor networks. Results show that networks are able to satisfy their loads when they agree to cooperate.

Partner selection in self-organised wireless sensor networks for opportunistic energy negotiation: A multi-armed bandit based approach

“…Then, the battery energy left after the last slot of the energy harvesting period is defined as , ( + 1). The cycle of the battery is represented by , ( + 1) = , (1). The battery is characterised by a limited energy capacity , and charging efficiency .…”

“…The duty cycle of each agent is set uniformly random between 1% to 5%, which defines its load using the power consumption model from equation (1). Finally, in order to capture the dynamic nature of the environment, we simulate the four cases described in Subsection 5.2: static characteristics over time (1 epoch), moderately dynamic changes (5 epochs), dynamic (10 epochs) and extremely dynamic case (25 epochs).…”

“…solar, wind or heat). To address this issue, we introduced a negotiation-based cooperation model for the energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EHWSNs) [1]. Our approach allows each node to adaptively satisfy its load while it agrees to share its harvested energy at some points in time in return for energy at other points in time.…”