Automated on-line solvent extraction and AAS-graphite furnace determination of trace metals in difficult matrices

Atomic spectrometry update. Environmental analysis

“…101 This facilitated investigations into trace element associations with manganese oxides and the technique may be useful in the development of sequential extraction schemes. Mosbaek et al 102 developed a technique for solvent extraction of trace metals directly from acid digests of solid samples. Good accuracy and precision are reported and a particular advantage of the technique is the absence of matrix interference.…”

“…An alternative approach with complex matrices is to separate the analyte from the matrix prior to measurement. Mosbaek and co-workers 102 developed an automated on-line solvent extraction system for the quantification of Cd, Cu and Pb in acid digests of soils and sediments. The system was designed to deliver solvent extracted samples to the autosampler of a graphite furnace using IBMK as the organic phase; improved analytical performance as well as savings in time were reported.…”

Atomic spectrometry update. Industrial analysis: metals, chemicals and advanced materials

“…A simple automated on-line extraction system prior to GFAAS detection for the analytes Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in reference soils, sediments, plants, animal tissues and bone has been devised. 117 After acid digestion of the matrices, the diethyldithiocarbamate complexes were extracted into IBMK at a pH of less than 2. The analyses of reference materials yielded results in good agreement with certified values.…”

Direct determination of lead in bones using slurry sampling and high-resolution continuum source electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

“…The bone Pb levels of individuals who were not exposed to Pb may reach 1, 4, [13][14][15][16] up to 20 mg kg -1 , however, the concentration is generally lower 1, 15,16 , only occasionally exceeding 10 mg kg -1 . Several analytical methods such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) 13,14,17 , proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) 1 , inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) 18,19 , two-jet plasma atomic emission spectrometry 20 , inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) alone 2,11,12,21 or combined with laser ablation (LA-ICP-MS) 9,22 , hydride generation (HG-ICP-MS) 23 , atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) 24 or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) 1, 3,6,12,15,16,21,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] previously assessed the validity and limitations for the purpose of quantification of Pb in both human and animal samples. Among these methods, ETAAS 1, 5,10,25,27,[31][32][33][34][35]…”

“…In addition, it may significantly increase the detection power that is very important in this particular case as reliable analysis of Pb in tissues of non-exposed population still constitutes an analytical challenge 14,18 . In this term, direct solid sample analysis may be an alternative to methods employing concentration/separation steps 15,29,37 . While these methods are usually time consuming, and prone to serious systematic errors 28 , they may help to reduce the matrix effects.…”