Automated optimal design methodology of elevator systems using rules and graphical methods (the HARint plane)

Abstract

The design of an elevator system heavily relies on the calculation of the round-trip time under up-peak (incoming) traffic conditions. The round-trip time can either be calculated analytically or by the use of Monte Carlo simulation. However, the calculation of the round-trip time is only part of the design methodology. This paper does not discuss the round-trip time calculation methodology as this has been addressed in detail elsewhere. This paper presents a step-by-step automated design methodology which gives the optimum number of elevators in very specific, constrained arrival situations. A range of situations can be considered and a judgement can be made as to what is the best cost–performance tradeoff. It uses the round trip value calculated by the use of other tools to automatically arrive at an optimal elevator design for a building. It employs rules and graphical methods. The methodology starts from the user requirements in the form of three parameters: the target interval; the expected passenger arrival rate (AR%) which is the passenger arrival in the busiest 5 min expressed as a percentage of the building population; and the total building population. Using these requirements, the expected number of passengers boarding an elevator car is calculated. Then, the round-trip time is calculated (using other tools) and the optimum number of elevators is calculated. Further iterations are carried out to refine the actual number of passengers boarding the elevator and the actual achieved target. The optimal car capacity is then calculated based on the final expected passengers boarding the car. The HARint plane is presented as a graphical tool that allows the designer to visualise the solution. Three different rated speeds are suggested and used in order to explore the possibility of reducing the number of elevator cars. Moreover, the average passenger travel time is used to indicate the need for zoning of buildings. Practical application: This paper has an important application in allowing the designer to arrive at the optimum design for the elevator system using a clearly defined methodology. This ensures that the number of elevators, their speed and their capacity are optimised, thus ensuring that the cost of the elevator system and the space it occupies within the building are minimised. The method also employs a graphical method (the HARint) in order to allow the designer to visualise the optimality and the feasibility of the different design options.

Comprehensive analysis of elevator static sectoring control systems using Monte Carlo simulation

“…Table 2 summarizes the resulting designs for all the five buildings. The design methodology followed was based on the procedure detailed in the following references (Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers, 37 Barney and Al-Sharif, 38 Al-Sharif et al, 39 Roschier and Kaakinen, 40 Peters, 41 Al-Sharif and Abu-Alqumsan, 42 Al-Sharif et al, 43 Al-Sharif et al, 35 Al-Sharif and Abu Alqumsan, 44 and Al-Sharif 45 ).…”

“…The design for each of the two sectors (upper and lower) can now be carried out in accordance with the methodology presented in Al-Sharif et al 43 The results are shown in Table 4.…”

Reconciling the value of the elevator round trip time between calculation and simulation

“…It is based on incoming traffic only from a single entrance. The software consists of two parts: a calculation part that carries out the design of the elevator traffic system using the HARint plane methodology 36,37 ; and a simulation part that receives the parameters of the elevator traffic system design from the calculation part and carries out the simulation for a specified period of workspace ( WS ). The simulation produces graphical outputs as well as spreadsheet data for the following parameters:…”

Research and Improvement of the High-speed Elevator Over-speed Governor

“…According to the rules about speed governor in national standard GB 7588--2003 section 9.9, governor which controls car safety gear, would be electrically triggered once the speed of car reaches 115% of its rated speed [6][7][8][9]. According to national standard GB 7588--2003 section 9.9.1(c), for the progressive type safety gear of which the rated speed is less than or equal to 1m/s, its action speed is 1.5m/s; and according to national standard GB 7588--2003 section 9.9.1(d), for the progressive type safety gear of which the rated speed is more than 1m/s, its action speed is:…”