“…If the rewriting process involves complex editing operations (e.g., lexical substitution, changes in syntax, summarization, synonym replacement, altering word order, or verb or noun nominalization) then the borrowed text transforms into an independently written piece (Clough, Gaizauskas, Piao, & Wilks, ; Maurer, Kappe, & Zaka, ). Moreover, new text can be created using text from one or more sources and the amount of reused text varies from local text reuse (such as, a single word, small chunks, or sentences) to global text reuse (i.e., an entire document; Mittelbach, Lehmann, Rensing, & Steinmetz, ; Seo & Croft, ).…”