Automatic device for continuous measurement of potential distribution and acid stratification in flooded lead-acid batteries

Schulte, Dominik; Sanders, Tilman; Waag, Wladislaw; Kowal, Julia; Sauer, Dirk Uwe; Karden, Eckhard

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.07.072

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The integrated lead-carbon structure enables the long-term cycling stability of lead-carbon electrode. In addition, according to the current density distribution, the most polarized region as well as the part which is the part most likely get sulfated of the negative electrode focus on the bottom [53][54][55][56]. Hence, the detached part on the bottom represents bad charge acceptance of blank and RHHPC electrodes.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical porous carbon@PbO1-x composite for high-performance lead-carbon battery towards renewable energy storage

Yin

Lin

et al. 2020

Energy

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical porous carbon@PbO1-x composite for high-performance lead-carbon battery towards renewable energy storage

Yin

Lin

et al. 2020

Energy

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“…The physical principle involved is the linear relationship between the specific gravity and the refractive index of the electrolyte. Another commonly used technique is the measurement of the equilibrium potential [20,21]. Unfortunately, these techniques are intrusive; i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring lead-acid battery function using operando neutron radiography

Campillo-Robles¹,

Goonetilleke

Soler

et al. 2019

Journal of Power Sources

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“…Different local OCV and the acid concentration dependency of the acid resistance were considered. However, no dependency of charge-transfer on acid concentration were included and no parameters values of the model were provided [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Impedance in Lead-Acid Batteries in the Presence of Acid Stratification

Kwiecien

Huck

Badeda³

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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Acid stratification is a common issue in lead-acid batteries. The density of the electrolyte rises from the top to the bottom and causes inhomogeneous current distribution over the electrodes. The consequences are unequal aging processes provoking earlier battery failure. In stationary applications electrolyte circulation pumps are sporadical installed in the battery to mix the acid. For automotive applications passive mixing systems are implemented by some battery manufacturers against stratification. Stratification does not show any distinct voltage-current profile to be recognizable online. However, it increases the voltage and affects the impedance, which both are essential information for diagnostic purpose. Impedance spectra were performed here on lead-acid test cells with adjusted stratification levels to analyze the influence on the impedance in details. It is observed, that the high-frequency impedance is decreased in the stratified cell and that in contrast to this the charge-transfer resistance is increased. Based on simulations with a spatially-resolved equivalent electrical circuit the increased charge-transfer resistance could be explained with an inhomogeneous State-of-Charge resulting in an accumulation of sulfate crystals in the bottom part of the electrodes. These sulfate crystals further affected recorded impedance spectra after the electrolyte was homogenized.

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Automatic device for continuous measurement of potential distribution and acid stratification in flooded lead-acid batteries

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Hierarchical porous carbon@PbO1-x composite for high-performance lead-carbon battery towards renewable energy storage

Hierarchical porous carbon@PbO1-x composite for high-performance lead-carbon battery towards renewable energy storage

Monitoring lead-acid battery function using operando neutron radiography

Variation of Impedance in Lead-Acid Batteries in the Presence of Acid Stratification

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