Automatic EEG Monitoring During Anesthesia

Simons, Alain; Pronk, R. A. F.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6747-2_19

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…The EEG reflects electrical activity in cortical neurones but does not provide direct information on lower centres of the brain, such as the brain stem and thalamus. However these centres have a strong regulatory influence on cortical function, particularly during periods of unconsciousness and general anaesthesia, thus the EEG is believed to indirectly reflect activity in these centres in addition to that of the cerebral cortex (Simons et al. , 1989).…”

Section: The Electroencephalogrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological techniques to assess pain in animals

Murrell

Johnson

2006

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

130

131

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In recent years more attention has been paid to the issue of pain in animals, particularly in association with increasing awareness of animal welfare. It is therefore necessary for veterinarians to be able recognise unambiguously whether an animal suffers from pain. Adult humans suffering from pain can more or less characterise their painful experiences, including the site and intensity of the pain. However, pain in animals is in some aspects more complex and it can be rather difficult to evaluate the seriousness and impact of painful events. Therefore, in animals we have to recognise the signs of pain according to indirect markers which involve behavioural, physiological and finally clinical responses. Moreover, in particular the behavioural changes associated with pain can be along with the general signs also species-specific, and hardly recognisable (and for an inexperienced observer seemingly unimportant) which makes pain assessment even more complicated. Therefore, the current review formulates definitions of pain, its classification and is focused on methods that may facilitate pain recognition in animals, which is crucial for an effective pain assessment and consequent effective pain management. The review combines recent knowledge with well proven facts concerning pain and furthermore also highlights the author's own research on pain assessment. List of abbreviations CNS = central nervous system, EEG = electroencephalogram, HPA = Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, IASP = International Association for the Study of Pain, RIA = radioimmunoassays, VAS = visual analogue scale

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Section: The Electroencephalogrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological techniques to assess pain in animals

Murrell

Johnson

2006

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

130

131

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Neuromonitoring in High Risk Surgery: Physiological Tolerance Limits for Central Nervous System

Sulg¹

1989

Heart &Amp; Brain, Brain &Amp; Heart

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Toward a unified monitoring system during anesthesia

Pearlman

Gurman

1985

J Clin Monit Comput

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A conceptual framework is proposed for the selection of monitored parameters during anesthesia, and a new device for monitoring the parameters in a unified manner is briefly presented. A 'basic set' of 6 parameters is proposed to cover the needs of most routine anesthesia: Blood Pressure, ECG/Heart Rate, Temperature, FiO2, FetCO2, and, Cortical Activity (by EEG spectral analysis). Additional parameters are added in accordance with specified factors such as patient status and complexity of the surgical procedure. An initial version of a new monitor, 'Cerebro Trac', designed for neurosurgery and cardiovascular surgery, is briefly presented, along with planned future capabilities and directions for its use.

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Automatic EEG Monitoring During Anesthesia

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Neurophysiological techniques to assess pain in animals

Neurophysiological techniques to assess pain in animals

Neuromonitoring in High Risk Surgery: Physiological Tolerance Limits for Central Nervous System

Toward a unified monitoring system during anesthesia

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