Automatic flow-injection system for the determination of heavy metals in sewage sludge by microwave digestion and detection by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (MW-ICP/AES)

Bordera, Luis; Hernandis, Vicente; Canals, Antonio

doi:10.1007/s0021663550112

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Microwave (MW) radiation has proved to be an attractive alternative to the conventional heating methods for sample treatment or digestion. − Microwave heating is based on dipole rotation and ion migration…”

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confidence: 99%

A Microwave-Powered Thermospray Nebulizer for Liquid Sample Introduction in Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

et al. 1997

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A new thermospray nebulizer based on the absorption of microwave radiation (MWTN) by aqueous solutions of strong acids is presented for the first time. To this end, a given length of the sample capillary is placed inside the cavity of a focused microwave system. A small piece of a narrower capillary tubing is connected at the tip of the sample capillary, outside the microwave cavity, to build up pressure. Drop size distributions of primary aerosols are exhaustively measured in order to evaluate the influence of several experimental variables (microwave power, liquid flow, irradiation length, inner diameter of the outlet capillary, nature and concentration of the acid) on the characteristics of the primary aerosol that are related to the emission signal. These experiments have been performed mainly to increase our understanding of the microscopic process of this new type of aerosol generation. A standard Meinhard nebulizer was employed for comparison. Under the best conditions the entire aerosol volume is contained in droplets smaller than 20 μm compared with 45% of the volume of the aerosol generated by the Meinhard. Hence, higher analyte and aerosol transport rates are to be expected for the MWTN compared with the Meinhard nebulizer. As any highly efficient nebulizer, MWTN requires a desolvation unit. For solutions 0.75 M in strong acid, the new nebulizer improves sensitivity (1.0-2.8 times), limits of detection (1.2-3.0 times), and background equivalent concentration (0.9-2.0 times) as compared to the standard Meinhard nebulizer, features many of the advantages of the conventional thermospray nebulizer, and overcomes some of its drawbacks (MWTN does not show corrosion problems and works at lower pressure, the aerosol characteristics are not modified when the PTFE capillary is replaced).

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confidence: 99%

A Microwave-Powered Thermospray Nebulizer for Liquid Sample Introduction in Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

et al. 1997

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“…Also, no microwave leakage (monitored with a Microwave Leakage Detector, Micronta, Hong Kong, China) ! 5 mV cm 22 was found at a distance of 5 cm from the oven.…”

Section: Safety Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

On-line microwave slurry sample digestion using flow systems for the spectrophotometric determination of iron in seafood†

F¹,

Arruda²

1998

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A method for the spectrophotometric determination of iron in seafood slurry samples based on microwave assisted digestion has been developed. The stabilized slurry (200 ml) is introduced in a flow system and transported by an air carrier stream to a digestion coil positioned inside the microwave oven. After the digestion step (10 or 20 min at maximum power) the flushing solution is collected in a calibrated flask. A 200 ml-digested sample is introduced in a flow injection system and the iron determined at 512 nm with 1,10-phenanthroline. The proposed method features a linear range from 50 to 200 mg l 21 (r > 0.999) presenting a precision, expressed as RSD, of 3.7% (n = 10) for repeatability and 5.0% (n = 30) for reproducibility. Accuracy was assessed by using Standard and Certified Reference Materials.

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“…The residue was dissolved and diluted to 25 ml with pure water. Then, the solution was subjected as the analysis solution to determine the total concentrations of diverse elements by ICP-AES [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique is usually accomplished by exposing a sample to a strong acid in a closed vessel and raising the pressure and temperature through microwave irradiation. Once these heavy metals are in solution, it is possible to quantify the sample through elemental techniques [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICP-AES Determination of Elements in<i> Elsholtzia rugulosa</i> Hemsl. after Microwave Assisted Digestion

Han

Diao

Wei

et al. 2014

AMM

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In this paper, the contents of these elements including Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Al, Cd, Pb, Ti and As were determined by ICP-AES technique, which elements originated from E. rugulosa from different places. Detection limits ranged 0.0029 ug/ml-1 and 0.079 ug/ml-1, the relative standard deviations for all these elements were lower than 2%, and recovery rates ranged 93% and 105.8%. The results showed that there were rich elements in E. rugulosa from different places; contents of Fe and Al were highest; contents of Mn, Zn and Ti were moderately high; and contents of Cu, As, Cd and Pb were lowest. Finally, concentrations of elements within E. rugulosa from different places were different, which may have some relations with the environment where it grew. As a result, the determining method which elements of E. Rugulosa are determined by ICP-AES is rapid, accurate and convenient.

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Automatic flow-injection system for the determination of heavy metals in sewage sludge by microwave digestion and detection by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (MW-ICP/AES)

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

A Microwave-Powered Thermospray Nebulizer for Liquid Sample Introduction in Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

A Microwave-Powered Thermospray Nebulizer for Liquid Sample Introduction in Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

On-line microwave slurry sample digestion using flow systems for the spectrophotometric determination of iron in seafood†

ICP-AES Determination of Elements in<i> Elsholtzia rugulosa</i> Hemsl. after Microwave Assisted Digestion

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