“…In the past few years, there has been considerable research in the field of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) to create automatic or semiautomatic systems, algorithms, and methods that allow detection of lesions in the brain, such as tumors, MS, stroke, glioma, AD, etc. [4,6,[8][9][10]26,28,30,36,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Different studies demonstrate that deep learning algorithms can be successfully used for medical image retrieval, segmentation, computer-aided diagnosis, disease detection, and classification [49][50][51].…”