Automatic on line preconcentration and determination of lead in water by ICP-AES using a TS-microcolumn

Abstract

A simple, sensitive, low-cost and rapid, flow injection system for the on-line preconcentration of lead by sorption on a microcolumn packed with silica gel funtionalized with methylthiosalicylate (TS-gel) was developped. The metal is directly retained on the sorbent column and subsequently then eluted from it by EDTA. Five variables (sample flow rate, eluent flow rate, eluent concentration, pH and buffer concentration) were considered as factors in the optimization process. Interactions between analytical factors and their optimal levels were investigated using two level factorial and Box-Behnken designs. The optimum conditions established were applied to the determination of lead by flow injection inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (FI-ICP-AES). The proposed method has a linear calibration range from 10 to at least 500 ng ml −1 of lead. At a sample frequency of 24 h −1 and a 120 s preconcentration time, the enrichment factor was 41, the detection limit was 15.3 ng ml −1 (S/N = 3) and the precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was 0.9% (at 100 ng ml −1 ). Validation of the developed method was carried out against electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry analysis without statistically significant differences between the proposed method and the atomic absorption method.

Determination of Trace Metals in Waste Water and Their Removal Processes

“…Zougagh et al determined Cd in water ICP-AES with on-line adsorption preconcentration using DPTH-gel and TS-gel microcolumns [48]. Zogagh et al developed a simple, sensitive, low-cost and rapid, flow injection system for the on-line preconcentration of lead by sorption on a microcolumn packed with silica gel funtionalized with methylthiosalicylate (TS-gel) then the metal is directly retained on the sorbent column and subsequently then eluted from it by EDTA and elution determined by ICP-AES [49].…”

Evaluation of total contents of Al, As, Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Mg, Ni, Pb, Zn and their fractions leached to the infusions of different tea samples. A multivariate study

“…Ultrasonic radiation can be considered another alternative for sample pre-treatment, since ultrasound facilitates an auxiliary energy and accelerates some steps, such as dissolution, fusion and leaching, among others (Morales et al, 2003). In many situations, ultrasound assisted leaching is an expeditious, inexpensive and efficient alternative to conventional extraction techniques and, in some cases, even to supercritical fluid and microwaveassisted extraction, as demonstrated by application to both organic and inorganic analytes in a wide variety of samples (Filgueiras et al, 2000;Diniz et al, 2004;Zougagh et al, 2004). The ultrasonic assisted wet acid digestion has been applied to biological, plant and soil samples successfully in stead of conventional wet acid digestion methods Kazi et al, 2006).…”

Automated Online Preconcentration System for the Determination of Trace Amounts of Lead Using Pb‐Selective Resin and Inductively Coupled Plasma–Atomic Emission Spectrometry

“…Most of the methods employed SPE as an on-line preconcentration step, prior to appropriate detection methods, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) [5][6][7] , electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry ETAAS [8][9] , flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) [10][11][12][13][14][15] , inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [4] , and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) [16][17][18] . Recently, Wang et.…”

“…In addition, the sensitivity achieved by the present method is superior to other flow-based analytical methods in corporation with ICP-AES detection. [16][17][18]27] Further, the sensitivity can be improved by using a larger volume of samples or more sensitive detection system like ICP-MS.…”