Automatic priming of attentional control by relevant colors

Ansorge, Ulrich; Becker, Stefanie I.

doi:10.3758/s13414-011-0231-6

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The lack of priming is consistent with previous studies that have failed to find stimulus-based priming when the stimulus preceding the search display does not require any response and does not involve any selective pressure (Goolsby & Sazuki, 2001;Meeter & Olivers, 2006;Yashar, Makovski, & Lamy, 2013). There are some exceptions where an isolated, central cue has produced validity effects in a subsequent visual search (Ansorge & Becker, 2012;Theeuwes, Reimann, & Mortier, 2006). While those studies were similar to the current experiment in that they used a central cue that was not responded to before a visual search, there are many methods differences that may have led to the discrepant results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The action effect: Support for the biased competition hypothesis

Huffman

Pratt

2017

Atten Percept Psychophys

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The action effect refers to the finding that faster response times are found when a previously responded to stimulus contains a target item than when it serves as a distracting item in a visual search. The action effect has proven robust to a number of perceptual and attentional manipulations, but the mechanisms underlying it remain unclear. In the current study, we present two experiments investigating a possible underlying mechanism of the action effect; that responding to a stimulus increases its attentional weight causing the system to prioritize it in the visual search. In Experiment 1, we presented the search stimulus in isolation and found no evidence of an action effect. Thus, when there was no requirement for prioritization, there was no action effect. In Experiment 2, we tested whether stimulus-based priming (rather than the action) can account for the observed validity effects. We found no evidence of a priming effect when there were never any actions. These findings are consistent with the biased competition hypothesis and provide a framework for explaining the action effect while also ruling out other potential explanations such as event file updating.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The action effect: Support for the biased competition hypothesis

Huffman

Pratt

2017

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…It is known that a color cue can facilitate processing of an upcoming target of the corresponding color. The effect may be purely stimulus-driven as it can even be observed when the color cue is completely uninformative about the target color (i.e., when the proportion of color congruent trials is at chance level; Ansorge & Becker, 2012;Theeuwes & Van der Burg, 2007). Taking this idea to the extreme, the small color congruency effect that we observed in Experiment 1 could even be exclusively driven by the color of the central arrow cue.…”

Section: Color Priming and Saccade Target Selection Processesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Feature-based effects in the coupling between attention and saccades

2012

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Previous research has demonstrated that prior to saccade execution visual attention is imperatively shifted towards the saccade target (e.g., Deubel & Schneider, 1996; Kowler, Anderson, Dosher, & Blaser, 1995). Typically, observers had to make a saccade according to an arrow cue and simultaneously perform a perceptual discrimination task either at the saccade endpoint or elsewhere on the screen. Discrimination performance was poor if the location of the saccade target (ST) and the discrimination target (DT) did not coincide. However, those experiments only investigated shifts of spatial attention. In the current experiments, we examined how feature-based attention is deployed before a saccade. In Experiment 1, we randomly varied the colors of the ST and DT. Results showed that discrimination performance was better when the DT was shown in the same color as the ST. This color congruency effect was slightly larger and more reliable when ST color was relevant and constant across trials (Experiment 2). We conclude that selection of a colored ST can induce display-wide facilitative processing of stimuli sharing this color. Results are discussed in terms of saccade programming and saccade selection, color priming in visual search, color cuing, and color-based top-down contingent attentional capture. We also discuss basic mechanisms of spatial- and feature-based attention and predictive remapping of visual information across saccades.

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“…Such priming of attention capture by repeated features is a very robust finding and has been shown numerous times during visual search, in the form of faster search times for stimuli with repeated features (Fecteau, 2000;Hillstrom, 2000;Maljkovic & Martini, 2005; for a review see Kristj´ansson & Campana, 2010), and as faster saccades to stimuli with repeated features and earlier fixations on them (Becker, 2008;Becker, Ansorge, & Horstmann, 2009;McPeek, Maljkovic, & Nakayama, 1999). Related observations showed that holding a feature in working memory alone can be sufficient for facilitated search (Ansorge & Becker, 2012;Olivers, 2009;Olivers, Meijer, & Theeuwes, 2006) and that the repetition of stimuli can lead to tacit knowledge of the displays that can facilitate searching even with a large number of interleaving trials without feature repetition and when the target is not a pop-out stimulus (Chun & Jiang, 1998Jiang & Wagner, 2004). Is there a connection between the repetition effects found during typical visual search experiments and the repetition effects during recognition of images, as observed in the present study?…”

Section: The Relation Between Recognition and Visual Searchmentioning

confidence: 93%

Priming of fixations during recognition of natural scenes

2013

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Eye fixations allow the human viewer to perceive scene content with high acuity. If fixations drive visual memory for scenes, a viewer might repeat his/her previous fixation pattern during recognition of a familiar scene. However, visual salience alone could account for similarities between two successive fixation patterns by attracting the eyes in a stimulus-driven, task-independent manner. In the present study, we tested whether the viewer's aim to recognize a scene fosters fixations on scene content that repeats from learning to recognition as compared to the influence of visual salience alone. In Experiment 1 we compared the gaze behavior in a recognition task to that in a free-viewing task. By showing the same stimuli in both tasks, the task-independent influence of salience was held constant. We found that during a recognition task, but not during (repeated) free viewing, viewers showed a pronounced preference for previously fixated scene content. In Experiment 2 we tested whether participants remembered visual input that they fixated during learning better than salient but nonfixated visual input. To that end we presented participants with smaller cutouts from learned and new scenes. We found that cutouts featuring scene content fixated during encoding were recognized better and faster than cutouts featuring nonfixated but highly salient scene content from learned scenes. Both experiments supported the hypothesis that fixations during encoding and maybe during recognition serve visual memory over and above a stimulus-driven influence of visual salience.

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Automatic priming of attentional control by relevant colors

Cited by 16 publications

References 54 publications

The action effect: Support for the biased competition hypothesis

The action effect: Support for the biased competition hypothesis

Feature-based effects in the coupling between attention and saccades

Priming of fixations during recognition of natural scenes

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