Automatic recognition of jaw movements in free-ranging cattle, goats and sheep, using acoustic monitoring

Navon, Shilo; Mizrach, A.; Hetzroni, Amots; Ungar, Eugene D.

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2012.08.005

Cited by 75 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The recognition patterns were defined in frequency domain and used to identify and classify likely eating and rumination events. Without previous calibration, recognition results were similar to previous analytical procedures used by Clapham et al (2011) and Navon et al (2013). However, likely limitations of the methodology were associated with the spectral similarities between rumination and eating signals, presence of non-stationary background noise, and high computational cost associated with the analysis of signals sampled at high frequency.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In this sense, Clapham et al (2011) reported a successful detection of bites of 95%, while Navon et al (2013) reported detection rates for jaw movements of 94% in a low noise environment. Milone et al (2012) developed an algorithm extending from HMM models to detect and classify ingestive sounds of cattle (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The capacity of the recording device and power source were among other limitations of the proposed system. Navon et al (2013) implemented an algorithm that used a machine-learning approach to analyze time-domain features (i.e., shape, intensity, duration and sequence of events) of ingestive sounds in grazing cattle. The procedure eliminated the need of calibrations and allowed a detection of ingestive events with a 94% correct and 7% false identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A real-time algorithm for acoustic monitoring of ingestive behavior of grazing cattle

Chelotti

Vanrell

Milone

et al. 2016

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

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a b s t r a c tAssessment of both grazing behavior and herbage intake are two very difficult tasks that can be concurrently accomplished by means of accurate detection, classification and measurement of grazing events such as chews, bites and chew-bites. It is well known that acoustic monitoring is among the best methods to automatically quantify and classify ingestive and rumination events in grazing animals. However, most existing methods of signal analysis appear to be computationally complex and costly, and are therefore difficult to implement. In this work, we present and test a novel analysis system called Chew-Bite Real-Time Algorithm (CBRTA) that works fully automatically in real-time to detect and classify ingestive events of grazing cattle. The system employs a directional wide-frequency microphone facing inwards on the forehead of animals, and a coupled signal analysis and decision logic algorithm that measures shape, amplitude, duration and energy of sound signals to iteratively detect and classify ingestive events. Performance and validation of the CBRTA was determined using two databases of grazing signals. Signals were recorded on dairy cows offered either, natural pasture (N ¼ 25), or experimental micro-swards in indoor controlled environment (N ¼ 50). The CBRTA exhibited a simple linear complexity capable to execute 50 times faster than real-time and without undermining overall recognition rate and accuracy when signals were processed at 4 kHz sampling frequency and 8 bits quantization. Furthermore, CBRTA was capable to detect ingestive events with a 97.4% success rate, while achieving up to 84.0% success for their classification as exclusive chews, bites or composite chew-bites. The methodology proposed with CBRTA has promising application in embedded microcomputer systems that necessarily depend on fast real-time execution to minimize computational load, power source and storage memory. Such a system can readily facilitate the transmission of processed data through wireless network or the storage in an onboard device.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A real-time algorithm for acoustic monitoring of ingestive behavior of grazing cattle

Chelotti

Vanrell

Milone

et al. 2016

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

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“…From this, jaw movements could be detected reliably, but there were issues in the classification of jaw movements. In contrast, acoustic monitoring systems which used sounds to differentiate the “ ripping of biting ” and the “ grinding of chewing ” (Laca et al, 1992) have proved promising (Laca et al, 1992; Ungar & Rutter, 2006; Navon et al, 2013), but are nevertheless prone to interference from external sources (Navon et al, 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ability of magnetic field sensors to monitor feeding in three domestic herbivores

Mulvenna

Wilson

Marks

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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The rate at which animals ingest food is a fundamental part of animal ecology although it is rarely quantified, with recently-developed animal-attached tags providing a potentially viable approach. However, to date, these methods lack clarity in differentiating various eating behaviours, such as ‘chewing’ from ‘biting’. The aims of this study were to examine the use of inter-mandibular angle sensors (IMASENs), to quantify grazing behaviour in herbivores including cattle (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries) and pygmy goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) eating different foodstuffs. Specifically, we aimed to: (1) quantify jaw movements of each species and determine differences between biting and chewing; (2) assess whether different food types can be discerned from jaw movements; and (3) determine whether species-specific differences in jaw movements can be detected. Subjects were filmed while consuming concentrate, hay, grass and browse to allow comparison of observed and IMASEN-recorded jaw movements. This study shows that IMASENs can accurately detect jaw movements of feeding herbivores, and, based on the rate of jaw movements, can classify biting (taking new material into the mouth) from chewing (masticating material already in the mouth). The biting behaviours associated with concentrate pellets could be identified easily as these occurred at the fastest rate for all species. However, the rates of chewing different food items were more difficult to discern from one another. Comparison of chew:bite ratios of the various food types eaten by each species showed no differences. Species differences could be identified using bite and chew rates. Cattle consistently displayed slower bite and chew rates to sheep and pygmy goats when feeding, while sheep and pygmy goats showed similar bite and chew rates when feeding on concentrate pellets. Species-specific differences in chew:bite ratios were not identified. Magnetometry has the potential to record quantitative aspects of foraging such as the feeding duration, food handling time and food type. This is of major importance for researchers interested in both captive (e.g., agricultural productivity) and wild animal foraging dynamics as it can provide quantitative data with minimal observer interference.

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“…Figura 13-Monitoramento acústico de gado -microfone na testa e transmissor sem fio na coleira Fonte: Navon et al (2013) …”

Section: Monitoramento Acústicounclassified

Estudo sobre confinamentos de gado de corte no Estado de São Paulo, com ênfase na legislação ambiental e automação

Ferreira¹

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reduzida a fiscalização da atividade, que ocorre majoritariamente diante de acidentes ambientais ou denúncias, o que pode gerar um enfraquecimento da previsão legislativa. Studies indicate that the human population is expected to present a significant growth in the coming years and food production will present an increase of 70% (seventy percent) in order to ensure food security worldwide. Are expected changes in the consumption pattern, rising consumption of red meat. The production of beef cattle systems face the challenge of maintaining and increase production, dealing with scarcity of natural resources and pressures to decrease environmental impacts. In recent decades, Brazil has stood out on the world stage as a major producer of food and, consequently, as a global agricultural powerhouse, with growing export of surplus production. In Brazil, especially in São Paulo state, the increase in land prices and competition with other crops of higher profitability, have contributed to the adoption of more intensive systems in livestock. From the late 90s, the number of animals confined in Brazil grew rapidly, mainly due to the increase in exports of meat, increased agricultural production and good supply and price of animals capable of supplying feedlots. Palavras

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Automatic recognition of jaw movements in free-ranging cattle, goats and sheep, using acoustic monitoring

Cited by 75 publications

References 13 publications

A real-time algorithm for acoustic monitoring of ingestive behavior of grazing cattle

A real-time algorithm for acoustic monitoring of ingestive behavior of grazing cattle

The ability of magnetic field sensors to monitor feeding in three domestic herbivores

Estudo sobre confinamentos de gado de corte no Estado de São Paulo, com ênfase na legislação ambiental e automação

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