Automatic System for Temperature Rise Test in Power Transformers

Real-time Monitoring of Cable Sag and Overhead Line Parameters Based on a Distributed Sensor Network and Implementation in a Web server and IoT

“…The main components of SCADA systems are one or more servers and clients. The servers used in this system are of the Open Platform Communications (OPC) type, which aims to define a common interface that requires only one design stage and then multiple reuses for any other SCADA project or other software packages [23][24][25].…”

“…The software application modules of the OPL cable condition monitoring process on the server computer shown in Figure 14 National Instruments provides three main mechanisms for interfacing with ModBUS devices: an OPC server, a ModBUS I/O server, and a ModBUS Application Programming Interface (API) integrated into the LabVIEW programming environment through LaVIEW Real-Time or the LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control (DSC) modules. Modbus I/O servers provide a highlevel engine for ModBUS communication, and to use this type of server, a new I/O server is added from the LabVIEW library to the target built in the application project [18,19,24]. Figure 15 shows the configuration mode for a LabVIEW software project based on the ModBus I/O Server for reading realtime data from inclinometer sensors.…”

“…It is a relational database management system based on the clientserver model using the SQL language. MySQL's features include: multi-threaded and multi-processor operation, functionality on a wide range of operating systems, support for large databases, and a high level of security based on a flexible and secure system of passwords and privileges [23][24][25]. The use of Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) makes it easy for the OPL cable condition monitoring process application program to write to and query the MySQL server database.…”

“…Also, the software interface displaying the result of the MySQL database selection is presented in Figure 21 The system can also automatically send warning e-mails to pre-defined addresses if the cable sag value is outside the pre-defined safety limits, or if a fault is detected in one of the sensors as a result of the checks carried out in parallel with the cable sag value, as described in Section 2. In Figure 22, by utilizing the automatic ActiveX functions such as a server and support for ActiveX Containers and ActiveX Events to employ the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) service for the Gmail-type e-mail server [24], the software block diagram demonstrates the client application for generating automated e-mail. Normally, the results of the OPL cable condition monitoring software application are visible on the computer of the intended user, in this case an electricity transmission operator, but by using a web server, the data can be viewed within the operator, thus ensuring a higher level of security for the application.…”

“…Establishing alternative calculation methods and verification calculation relations for the OPL cable sag calculation depending on the groups of sensors used, thus obtaining a software method for detecting the failure of a sensor, a method whose usefulness can be expressed in terms of increasing system reliability;  Establishing the hardware and software architecture of the OPL online cable monitoring application;  Se ing up the necessary configurations for data transmission using ModBUS [20] and ZigBee [21] protocols in order to minimise energy consumption in the process of local centralisation of data from sensors and transmission via Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) [22] to the user server;  Implementation of the software module for reading quantities from the sensor network through a ModBUS I/O server;  Implementation of the software module for the real-time calculation of the OPL cable sag and monitoring of the parameters of interest of the power line, including the correct functioning of the sensors and maintenance within the acceptance limits of the OPL cable sag values;  Implementation of a software module to send automatic e-mails with warnings and alarms regarding OPL cable sag limits and sensor faults;  Implementation of the software module for the transfer of data to the user's Internet via a web server [23,24];  Implementation of the software module for viewing data by authorised users, based on user and password, via an IoT server [25].…”