Automation and the Future of Employment: Implications for India

Islam, Iyanatul

doi:10.1177/2322093718802972

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…According to the seven papers in this category, robots were identified as participating in many of the future work environments ( Qureshi and Syed, 2014 ; Murashov et al ., 2016 ; Koppenborg et al ., 2017 ; Islam, 2018 ; Pham et al ., 2018 ; Pyke, 2018 ; Djebrouni and Wolbring, 2019 ). Key drivers for increased robot use include increasing labor costs and worker shortages ( Qureshi and Syed, 2014 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Key drivers for increased robot use include increasing labor costs and worker shortages ( Qureshi and Syed, 2014 ). Both developed and developing countries are amenable to digitalization and automation, which fuels automation anxiety and causes workers to fear their contributions will become obsolete because of new technologies ( Islam, 2018 ; Pham et al ., 2018 ; Pyke, 2018 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Scenarios and Hazards in the Work of the Future: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed and Gray Literatures

Schulte

Streit

Sheriff

et al. 2020

Annals of Work Exposures and Health

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It would be useful for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers to anticipate the hazards that workers will face in the future. The focus of this study is a systematic review of published information to identify and characterize scenarios and hazards in the future of work. Eleven bibliographic databases were systematically searched for papers and reports published from 1999 to 2019 that described future of work scenarios or identified future work-related hazards. To compile a comprehensive collection of views of the future, supplemental and ad hoc searches were also performed. After screening all search records against a set of predetermined criteria, the review yielded 36 references (17 peer-reviewed, 4 gray, and 15 supplemental) containing scenarios. In these, the future of work was described along multiple conceptual axes (e.g. labor market changes, societal values, and manual versus cognitive work). Technology was identified as the primary driver of the future of work in most scenarios, and there were divergent views in the literature as to whether technology will create more or fewer jobs than it displaces. Workforce demographics, globalization, climate change, economic conditions, and urbanization were also mentioned as influential factors. Other important themes included human enhancement, social isolation, loneliness, worker monitoring, advanced manufacturing, hazardous exposures, sustainability, biotechnology, and synthetic biology. Pandemics have not been widely considered in the future of work literature, but the recent COVID-19 pandemic illustrates that was short-sighted. Pandemics may accelerate future of work trends and merit critical consideration in scenario development. Many scenarios described ‘new’ or ‘exacerbated’ psychosocial hazards of work, whereas comparatively fewer discussed physical, chemical, or biological hazards. Various preventive recommendations were identified. In particular, reducing stress associated with precarious work and its requirements of continual skill preparation and training was acknowledged as critical for protecting and promoting the health and well-being of the future workforce. In conclusion, the future of work will be comprised of diverse complex scenarios and a mosaic of old and new hazards. These findings may serve as the basis for considering how to shape the future of work.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Scenarios and Hazards in the Work of the Future: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed and Gray Literatures

Schulte

Streit

Sheriff

et al. 2020

Annals of Work Exposures and Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many jobs are already being lost in certain sectors, and forecasts point to an even faster pace of job losses. However, these forecasts need to be seen with some caution, as the mere possibility of automation and digitization does not mean that it will actually be reflected in all areas where its implementation is being considered, as there are many economic, legal and other regulatory constraints that cause significant time delays between the new technologies' discovery and their spread within the global economy (Islam, 2018). Although technological unemployment poses a threat, it does not necessarily mean the job loss.…”

Section: Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digitalization and human capital development

Ivanova¹,

Žárská²,

Masárová³

2021

JESI

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The onset of Fourth Industrial Revolution and its related development of digitization processes has created the need to focus more attention on creating the conditions for the development of adequate human resources skills, on which the pace of innovation depends. The digital transformation of economies has become a global trend, so the need to innovate cannot be ignored if countries want to be competitive in international environment. Therefore, particular governments must respond to this situation and take relevant steps to support these processes. However, the situation in each country is diametrically different. Some of them strive to be leaders in a particular field and systematically support the development of ongoing processes. Others are more indifferent to this situation and their progress is much slower. As in the past, at the time of scientific and technical revolution, this attitude is subsequently reflected in their economic situation. There are also significant differences among EU Member States, despite the fact that the EU is trying to set certain development parameters that should be achieved in each country. The goal of this paper is to theoretically define what changes are taking place as a result of digitization, how the current situation has contributed to those changes, and which key areas should be given priority within each country. In addition, our goal is to find out how the population in Slovak Republic is developing in terms of the achieved level of education, what share of expenditures from GDP goes to education area and research and development support, as well as what is the average amount of these expenditures per capita, and thus to point out to the possible reasons of lagging innovation and modernization capacity of Slovak Republic. The method of descriptive statistics, time series analysis as well as the method of synthesis to formulate conclusions were used.

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“…One must consider the fact that CSR managers in the firm community interactions were viewed as figureheads for the organization in the South Asian cultural context as playing an expansive role in the organizational leadership and their voice did matter (Mehta and Bhattacharyya, 2013). Communities were specially agitated when job losses were happening (Islam, 2018). CSR managers, thus had to provide a causal logic of firm action to the community members in line with the works of extant literature (Zenisek, 1979; Key, 1999; Campbell, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoption and implementation of automation technologies in organizations and community job-loss; corporate social responsibility managers justification mechanism among social actors

Bhattacharyya

2021

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to ascertain how corporate social responsibility (CSR) managers are justifying the adoption of automation technologies in India, which is simultaneously creating job loss. Design/methodology/approach Indian firms to become and maintain superior levels of competitiveness in the marketplace had initiated the adoption, as well as usage of automation technologies such as robotics, additive manufacturing, machine learning and others. Such firm initiatives led to job loss in communities where the firm had a presence with its plants and offices. CSR managers primarily engaged with communities to undertake firm CSR initiatives. Job creation and its continuance have been a sacred component in this narrative. The adoption of automation technologies had altered this point of conversation. CSR managers had to justify both organizational actions from a firm perspective and reconcile the same to the community leaders. In this research, an exploratory study was conducted with a semi-structured open-ended questionnaire with 28 CSR experts. Data was collected through personal interviews and the data was content analysed based upon thematic content analysis. Findings The results indicated that CSR managers rationalized the adoption of automation technologies from a push-pull-mooring (PPM) perspective from a firm centric point of view. While for justification from a community (social) centric perspective, dominantly system thinking with fair market ideology than normative justification, utilitarian rather than deontological thinking (DT) and organizational economic egoism (OEE) rather than reputational egoism was applied. Research limitations/implications The study applies the theories of the PPM perspective from a firm centric point of view. While for community-based theoretical justification – system thinking with fair market ideology than normative justification, utilitarian rather than DT and OEE rather than reputational egoism was used. Practical implications This study finding would help CSR managers to undertake community activities while their firms are adopting and implementing automation technologies that are creating job loss in the very community their firms are serving. Mangers would get insights regarding the steps they should undertake to create harmony. Originality/value This is one of the first studies that delve regarding how CSR managers are justifying the adoption of automation technologies in India, which is simultaneously creating job loss. Theoretically, this study is novel because the study question is answered based upon the adoption of automation technologies from a PPM perspective from a firm centric point of view. While, for justification from a community (social) centric perspective, dominantly system thinking with fair market ideology than normative justification, utilitarian rather than DT and OEE rather than reputational egoism was applied.

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Automation and the Future of Employment: Implications for India

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Potential Scenarios and Hazards in the Work of the Future: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed and Gray Literatures

Potential Scenarios and Hazards in the Work of the Future: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed and Gray Literatures

Digitalization and human capital development

Adoption and implementation of automation technologies in organizations and community job-loss; corporate social responsibility managers justification mechanism among social actors

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