Automotive brake wear: a review

Wahid, Syed M. S.

doi:10.1007/s11356-017-0463-7

Cited by 46 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, in many latest studies, Cu has been identified as traffic pollution; for this reason, Cu was included in our research. Copper emission is being caused by wearing of brake pads in road vehicles (Straffelini et al 2015;Wahid 2018). The chosen roads and two exits to Jędrzejów town have all grade-separated junctions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and assessment of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper concentrations in arable roadside soils in terms of different traffic conditions

Szwalec

Mundała

Kędzior

et al. 2020

Environ Monit Assess

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Quantification of the contributions from traffic source to arable roadside soil heavy metal loadings is a challenge. The contribution depends on: traffic intensity, road type and distance from the road. At a field scale (3.9 ha), 720 topsoil samples were taken. The aim of the study was to monitor and assess the impact of regional/ local roads with various conditions of traffic and period of use on the distribution of Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu in the arable roadside topsoil in their vicinity. PCA indicated the occurrence of two main gradients of 11 environmental elements influencing the distribution of heavy metals in the soils of the neighbouring land. The first gradient was associated mainly with the distance from the edge of the road. The second gradient was associated with the degree of contamination of the soils and with the road type, defined by the traffic volume and period of being use. Anova reviled lack of influence of the factors for Cu contents. Unlike Cu, for Cd, Pb and Zn, the significant impact was observed for both factors and interactions between them. The concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn, regardless of the distance from the road were 0.21-0.58 mg Cd kg −1 d.m., 13.60-41.96 mg Pb kg −1 d.m. and 40.31-63.97 mg Zn kg −1 d.m. In case of increasing distance from the road, generally the contents of Pb, Zn and Cd contents were decreasing. However, only in the case the oldest and carrying the highest traffic road was a clear, statistically significant differences noted for following distances from the road on the content of Cd, Pb and Zn. Analysis of spread gave trend curves, for Pb, Cd and Zn they were parabolas. The curves let reduce sapling distances to 65 m, 45 and 47 m for Cd, Pb and Zn, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and assessment of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper concentrations in arable roadside soils in terms of different traffic conditions

Szwalec

Mundała

Kędzior

et al. 2020

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The used ecoinvent processes "treatment of tire wear emissions", "treatment of road wear emissions" and "treatment of brake wear emissions" were created for a passenger car. Since the weight is the crucial factor for these types of emissions given the same driving and material characteristics, the original data is changed to the e-moped weight plus the weight of an average person in Germany [52][53][54]. Regarding the fleet's battery charging, the German power grid mix of the year 2019 is used.…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Electric Moped Scooter Sharing in Berlin: A Technical, Economic and Environmental Perspective

Wortmann¹,

Syré²,

Grahle³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Electric moped scooter sharing services have recently experienced strong growth rates, particularly in Europe. Due to their compactness, environmental-friendliness and convenience, shared e-mopeds are suitable modes of transport in urban mobility to help reduce the environmental impact. However, its traffic-related, economic and environmental effects are merely represented in academic research. We used passenger car traffic data in Berlin generated by the multi-agent transport simulation framework MATSim to develop a python-based simulation, resembling an e-moped sharing system. Based on the results, a total cost of ownership and a life cycle assessment for fleet sizes of 2,500, 10,000 and 50,000 vehicles were conducted. The results indicate that a substantial part of all passenger car trips in Berlin can be substituted. The larger the fleet, the more and longer trips are replaced. Simultaneously, the efficiency in terms of fleet utilization decreases. The scenario with 10,000 e-mopeds offers the lowest total distance-based costs for sharing operators, whereas a fleet consisting of 2,500 vehicles exhibits the lowest environmental emissions per kilometer driven over the expected lifespan of a shared e-moped. Based on the renewable energy potential for 2050 forecasted by the German Federal Environment Agency, a significant overall decline in environmental impacts can be achieved.

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“…The size of PMs produced by brake wear may be airborne due to local turbulence etc. The release of these toxic particles into the environment may differ in large cities, especially during rush hours when braking is high, due to the frequency of stopping and starting of a large number of vehicles and turbulence of the air (Wahid, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taşıt Freni Aşınma Parçacık Emisyonlarının Mikroyapısı ve Kimyasal Analizi

Güney¹,

Öz²

2020

European Journal of Science and Technology

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Vehicle emissions cause serious environmental problems, especially in industrial areas and populated areas. Although exhaust emissions are tried to be reduced by legal regulations, it is clear that non-exhaust emissions also increase significantly. Brake wear emissions are one of the most important sources of non-exhaust emissions. Brake wear particles are usually result from a cast-iron disc and a composite pad pair that is accompanied by friction. The chemical composition of these materials affects the content of the wear particles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the chemical and microstructural characterization of brake wear emission material of brake discs and pads commercially available to the market by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). Microstructure characterization of the wear particles was analyzed with field scanning electron microscopy (SEM); elemental analysis was conducted with energy dispersing spectrometer (EDS); crystal structures were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), and molecular bond structures were analyzed with the aid of fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). As a result of the analysis, it was found out that elements such as C, N, O, F, Si, Ca, Fe and Cu; sulfates, phosphates, oxides, and different mineral structures exist in the chemistry of wear particles. Especially, the presence of oxidized structures and heavy metals, pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. This study will provide important information for policymakers and researchers.

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Automotive brake wear: a review

Cited by 46 publications

References 37 publications

Monitoring and assessment of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper concentrations in arable roadside soils in terms of different traffic conditions

Monitoring and assessment of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper concentrations in arable roadside soils in terms of different traffic conditions

Analysis of Electric Moped Scooter Sharing in Berlin: A Technical, Economic and Environmental Perspective

Taşıt Freni Aşınma Parçacık Emisyonlarının Mikroyapısı ve Kimyasal Analizi

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