Automotive Li-Ion Batteries: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Ding, Yuan‐Li; Cano, Zachary P.; Yu, Aiping; Lü, Jun; Chen, Zhongwei

doi:10.1007/s41918-018-0022-z

Cited by 981 publications

(555 citation statements)

References 110 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

545

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Yet, it is necessary to address its existing limitations, such as environmental concerns, high cost, safety concerns, and low energy density/specific energy of conventional Li‐ion batteries with quickly vaporizable and combustible organic liquid electrolytes . Solid state electrolytes (SSE) promise to overcome some of such concerns and offer dramatically reduced flammability and temperature stability, reduced toxicity, and the compatibility with high capacity Li/Li alloy anodes and high‐voltage cathodes . Even though the conductivity of some of the SSEs can be as high as 0.01 S cm −1 , high‐energy density solid‐state batteries still face many challenges, such as: 1) high interfacial resistance at the SSE‐electrode interfaces, 2) difficulties producing robust thin SSE membranes, and 3) high electrolyte synthesis and solid battery fabrication costs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Li‐Ion Dynamics in Lithium Hydroxychloride (Li₂OHCl) Solid State Electrolyte via Addressing the Role of Protons

Song

Turcheniuk

Leisen

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Low‐melting‐point solid‐state electrolytes (SSE) are critically important for low‐cost manufacturing of all‐solid‐state batteries. Lithium hydroxychloride (Li2OHCl) is a promising material within the SSE domain due to its low melting point (mp < 300 °C), cheap ingredients (Li, H, O, and Cl), and rapid synthesis. Another unique feature of this compound is the presence of Li vacancies and rotating hydroxyl groups which promote Li‐ion diffusion, yet the role of the protons in the ion transport remains poorly understood. To examine lithium and proton dynamics, a set of solid‐state NMR experiments are conducted, such as magic‐angle spinning 7Li NMR, static 7Li and 1H NMR, and spin‐lattice T1(7Li)/T1(1H) relaxation experiments. It is determined that only Li+ contributes to long‐range ion transport, while H+ dynamics is constrained to an incomplete isotropic rotation of the OH group. The results uncover detailed mechanistic understanding of the ion transport in Li2OHCl. It is shown that two distinct phases of ionic motions appear at low and elevated temperatures, and that the rotation of the OH group controls Li+ and H+ dynamics in both phases. The model based on the NMR experiments is fully consistent with crystallographic information, ionic conductivity measurements, and Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamic simulations.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Li‐Ion Dynamics in Lithium Hydroxychloride (Li₂OHCl) Solid State Electrolyte via Addressing the Role of Protons

Song

Turcheniuk

Leisen

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The change in transport sector from combustion engines to battery electric vehicles and the growth in portable applications will increase the demand for batteries in the coming years . Energy density is a very important property of battery cells and special attention to the compaction process should be given …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of the Calendering Process of NMC‐622 Cathodes in Battery Production Analyzing Machine/Material–Process–Structure Correlations

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The shift in the transport sector from internal combustion engines to battery‐powered electric vehicles and the continued demand for portable applications increases the need for batteries in the coming years. To optimize battery technologies, it is essential to fully understand the production process and the associated parameters as well as their influence on the chemical processes within the cell. At the Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management (iwb), extensive knowledge of the calendering process is gathered including the investigation of the displacement behavior for both the calender rolls and the bearing, as well as the adhesion strength. The process parameters such as roll temperature and velocity, structure parameters (e. g., coating thickness, adhesion strength), and machine behavior parameters (displacement and bending line) are investigated using three calender models. The achieved porosities are verified via porosity consistency measurements. Based on the collected data, qualitative machine/material–process–structure models are built up. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy support the relations made. In addition, a connection between vertical displacement and line load is established.

show abstract

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Nevertheless, recent estimates [16,17] show that only batteries possessing sulfide-based SEs will be leading contenders for room-temperature applications.The sulfides, which are better denoted as thiophosphates, provide the highest lithium-ion conductivity, a relatively low E modulus, and can be processed at low temperatures. Meanwhile, polymer-, oxide-, and sulfide-based ionic conductors are being heavily investigated as the solid electrolyte (SE) separator.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Functionality of Coatings for Cathode Active Materials in Thiophosphate‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries

Culver

Koerver

Zeier

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

266

309

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

achievable by SSBs. Meanwhile, polymer-, oxide-, and sulfide-based ionic conductors are being heavily investigated as the solid electrolyte (SE) separator. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Nevertheless, recent estimates [16,17] show that only batteries possessing sulfide-based SEs will be leading contenders for room-temperature applications.The sulfides, which are better denoted as thiophosphates, provide the highest lithium-ion conductivity, a relatively low E modulus, and can be processed at low temperatures. [2,3,18] Currently, only thiophosphates allow for the preparation of thick cathode composites with sufficient rate capability. [19,20] Unfortunately, thiophosphates also have a rather narrow electrochemical stability window, i.e., the onset of oxidative decomposition begins even before 3 V versus Li + /Li due to S(0)/S(−2) redox reactions, while reductive decomposition is theoretically expected at potentials of about 1.7 V versus Li + /Li due to P(+5)/P(−3) redox reactions. [21,22] Importantly, the perfect SE does not actually exist. The perfect SE would combine the ionic transport properties of thiophosphates, the mechanical properties of polymers, and the oxidation stability of oxides. Therefore, in order to exploit the superionic transport properties of thiophosphates, the implementation of protective coatings to overcome the intrinsic electrochemical instabilities is most certainly a necessity. The thermodynamic prerequisites for coatings (Figure 1) have already been treated in a number of theoretical papers, [18,21,[23][24][25] which provide the initial design guidelines.Beyond the thermodynamic considerations, it is well known that within SSBs, thiophosphate SEs are oxidized and decomposed in direct contact with cathode active materials (CAMs), in particular at high potentials during charging. [2,[26][27][28] Several years ago, Takada summarized the early work on SSBs and described the need for coatings against the formation of space charge layers at the interface between high-voltage cathodes and thiophosphate SEs. [29] Haruyama et al. concluded from density functional theory calculations that space charge layers between LiCoO 2 (LCO) and thiophosphate-based SEs are responsible for high impedances and that the addition of a buffer layer reduces such effects. [30] However, experimental evidence for such claims has not yet been reported. While these considerations are certainly valuable, from a current perspective, effects arising from the space charge layer are likely overstated and the role of oxidative degradation of the SE is understated. [31] Though the The last decade has seen considerable advancements in the development of solid electrolytes for solid-state battery applications, with particular attention being paid to sulfide superionic conductors. Importantly, the intrinsic electrochemical instability of these high-performance separators highlights the notion that further progress in the field of solid-state batteries is contingent on the optimization of component material interfaces in order to se...

show abstract

Automotive Li-Ion Batteries: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Cited by 981 publications

References 110 publications

Understanding Li‐Ion Dynamics in Lithium Hydroxychloride (Li₂OHCl) Solid State Electrolyte via Addressing the Role of Protons

Understanding Li‐Ion Dynamics in Lithium Hydroxychloride (Li₂OHCl) Solid State Electrolyte via Addressing the Role of Protons

Modelling of the Calendering Process of NMC‐622 Cathodes in Battery Production Analyzing Machine/Material–Process–Structure Correlations

On the Functionality of Coatings for Cathode Active Materials in Thiophosphate‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Automotive Li-Ion Batteries: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Cited by 981 publications

References 110 publications

Understanding Li‐Ion Dynamics in Lithium Hydroxychloride (Li2OHCl) Solid State Electrolyte via Addressing the Role of Protons

Understanding Li‐Ion Dynamics in Lithium Hydroxychloride (Li2OHCl) Solid State Electrolyte via Addressing the Role of Protons

Modelling of the Calendering Process of NMC‐622 Cathodes in Battery Production Analyzing Machine/Material–Process–Structure Correlations

On the Functionality of Coatings for Cathode Active Materials in Thiophosphate‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Understanding Li‐Ion Dynamics in Lithium Hydroxychloride (Li₂OHCl) Solid State Electrolyte via Addressing the Role of Protons

Understanding Li‐Ion Dynamics in Lithium Hydroxychloride (Li₂OHCl) Solid State Electrolyte via Addressing the Role of Protons