Autonomous electrochemical biosensing of glial fibrillary acidic protein for point-of-care detection of central nervous system injuries

Abstract

The integration of electrochemical biosensors into fluid handling units such as paper-based, centrifugal, and capillary microfluidic devices has been explored with the purpose of developing point-of-care platforms for quantitative detection...

Advances in Multiplexed Microfluidics for Infectious Disease Detection

“…Currently, system integration and automation need to be improved. Potential solutions to these challenges might include the construction of multistep integration platforms (sample in-answer out), for example, integrating fluid handling units such as paper-based, centrifugal and capillary microfluidics 23–25 …”

“…Potential solutions to these challenges might include the construction of multistep integration platforms (sample in-answer out), for example, integrating fluid handling units such as paper-based, centrifugal and capillary microfluidics. [23][24][25] Optical sensor-based multiplexed microfluidics Optical sensors are characterized by rapid multiplex detection of infectious diseases (within 15 minutes) and contain substantial amounts of data; several available fluorescent labels are available for these applications. 26 Optical sensors provide a practical platform for multiplex detection via different wavelength signals.…”

A compact, low-cost, and binary sensing (BiSense) platform for noise-free and self-validated impedimetric detection of COVID-19 infected patients

“…Multiplex electrochemical point-of-care testing (ME-POCT) devices are expected to have four major compartments: 1) reliable and reproducible electrodes created using inkjet or screen printing methods, 2) an accurate biosensing protocol for mediating the electrode surface to create accurate biosensors, 3) microfluidics for automating electrochemical biosensing steps, and 4) and an accurate and low-cost multichannel potentiostat with an easy-to-use interface for data interpretation and wireless data transfer. Despite enormous advances in developing multiplex screen printed electrodes and electrochemical biosensors ( Dhanapala et al, 2020 ; Khetani et al, 2019 ; Kinnamon et al, 2018 ; Noah and Ndangili, 2019 ; Salahandish et al 2019 , 2022a ) as well as the recent progress in self-powered microfluidic devices ( Haghayegh et al 2022a , 2022b ; Nyein et al, 2018 ; Salahandish et al, 2022b ), the realization of ME-POCT requires the development of new hand-held, rapid and remote reading, easy-to-use, noise-free, and cheaper multichannel potentiostat readers ( Alam et al, 2020 ; Bianchi et al, 2021 ).…”

Ultrasensitive Determination of Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein (GFAP) in Human Serum-Matrix with a Label-Free Impedimetric Immunosensor

“…The ELISA [ 6 ], electrochemiluminescent (ECL) [ 7 ], dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay (DELFIA) system [ 8 ], time-resolved fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (TRF-LFIA) [ 9 ], and chemiluminometric immunoassay [ 1 ] are a few current examples in recent works that have been published addressing GFAP measurements; however, the clinically relevant concentrations cannot be covered by their sensitivities and detection ranges with expensive equipment, which restricts the use of the abovementioned methods for an accurate diagnosis of GFAP. Numerous papers on nanoparticles have recently been published for GFAP protein measurement by electrochemical biosensors [ 5 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Electrochemical immunosensors offer various advantages over other techniques, including ease of use, simplicity of instrumentation, minimal sample amounts, high sensitivity, and selectivity.…”