Autonomous master-slave frame synchronization among microcellular base stations

An ad hoc networking scheme in hybrid networks for emergency communications

“…However, the system requires a more flexible way to operate in disaster circumstances. For the system to be designed with the time-division technique is critical as is the case with other communication mechanisms using time synchronization, and several institutes have attempted to resolve the issue [18][19][20][21]. We assume that nodes connecting with a BS directly can synchronize with the BSÕs clock, and other nodes detecting surrounding communications synchronize in the autonomous frame synchronization manner in ad hoc networks as shown in [19,20].…”

An ad-hoc routing protocol in hybrid wireless networks for emergency communications

“…This channel design requires all nodes to synchronize with the timing of BS. Gateway nodes can synchronize with BS, and it may be feasible to propagate the timing to every node with autonomous frame synchronization, we assume based on other studies, e.g., [11].…”